解析c++中的命令行参数?

如果程序被指定像这样运行，那么在c++中解析命令行参数的最佳方式是什么:

prog [-abc] [input [output]]

是否有某种方法可以在标准库中实现这一点，或者我需要自己编写代码?

相关:

在unicode c++应用程序中解析命令行参数

当前回答

我可以建议使用模板化的c++命令行解析器库(GitHub上的一些分支是可用的)，API非常直接并且(引用自网站):

该库完全在头文件中实现，因此很容易与其他软件一起使用和分发。它是MIT授权的无后顾之忧的发行许可证。

这是手册中的一个例子，为了简单起见，这里有颜色:

#include <string>
#include <iostream>
#include <algorithm>
#include <tclap/CmdLine.h>

int main(int argc, char** argv)
{

    // Wrap everything in a try block.  Do this every time,
    // because exceptions will be thrown for problems.
    try {

    // Define the command line object, and insert a message
    // that describes the program. The "Command description message"
    // is printed last in the help text. The second argument is the
    // delimiter (usually space) and the last one is the version number.
    // The CmdLine object parses the argv array based on the Arg objects
    // that it contains.
    TCLAP::CmdLine cmd("Command description message", ' ', "0.9");

    // Define a value argument and add it to the command line.
    // A value arg defines a flag and a type of value that it expects,
    // such as "-n Bishop".
    TCLAP::ValueArg<std::string> nameArg("n","name","Name to print",true,"homer","string");

    // Add the argument nameArg to the CmdLine object. The CmdLine object
    // uses this Arg to parse the command line.
    cmd.add( nameArg );

    // Define a switch and add it to the command line.
    // A switch arg is a boolean argument and only defines a flag that
    // indicates true or false.  In this example the SwitchArg adds itself
    // to the CmdLine object as part of the constructor.  This eliminates
    // the need to call the cmd.add() method.  All args have support in
    // their constructors to add themselves directly to the CmdLine object.
    // It doesn't matter which idiom you choose, they accomplish the same thing.
    TCLAP::SwitchArg reverseSwitch("r","reverse","Print name backwards", cmd, false);

    // Parse the argv array.
    cmd.parse( argc, argv );

    // Get the value parsed by each arg.
    std::string name = nameArg.getValue();
    bool reverseName = reverseSwitch.getValue();

    // Do what you intend.
    if ( reverseName )
    {
            std::reverse(name.begin(),name.end());
            std::cout << "My name (spelled backwards) is: " << name << std::endl;
    }
    else
            std::cout << "My name is: " << name << std::endl;


    } catch (TCLAP::ArgException &e)  // catch any exceptions
    { std::cerr << "error: " << e.error() << " for arg " << e.argId() << std::endl; }
}

2011-10-10 11:54:05

其他回答

尝试CLPP库。它是用于命令行参数解析的简单而灵活的库。仅头部和跨平台。仅使用ISO c++和Boost c++库。恕我直言，这比Boost.Program_options简单。

图书馆:http://sourceforge.net/projects/clp-parser/

2010年10月26日-新发布2.0rc。修正了许多bug，完整的源代码重构、文档、示例和注释都得到了修正。

2010-05-03 10:54:27

TCLAP是一个非常好的轻量级设计，易于使用: http://tclap.sourceforge.net/

2012-08-22 22:37:46

我可以建议使用模板化的c++命令行解析器库(GitHub上的一些分支是可用的)，API非常直接并且(引用自网站):

该库完全在头文件中实现，因此很容易与其他软件一起使用和分发。它是MIT授权的无后顾之忧的发行许可证。

这是手册中的一个例子，为了简单起见，这里有颜色:

#include <string>
#include <iostream>
#include <algorithm>
#include <tclap/CmdLine.h>

int main(int argc, char** argv)
{

    // Wrap everything in a try block.  Do this every time,
    // because exceptions will be thrown for problems.
    try {

    // Define the command line object, and insert a message
    // that describes the program. The "Command description message"
    // is printed last in the help text. The second argument is the
    // delimiter (usually space) and the last one is the version number.
    // The CmdLine object parses the argv array based on the Arg objects
    // that it contains.
    TCLAP::CmdLine cmd("Command description message", ' ', "0.9");

    // Define a value argument and add it to the command line.
    // A value arg defines a flag and a type of value that it expects,
    // such as "-n Bishop".
    TCLAP::ValueArg<std::string> nameArg("n","name","Name to print",true,"homer","string");

    // Add the argument nameArg to the CmdLine object. The CmdLine object
    // uses this Arg to parse the command line.
    cmd.add( nameArg );

    // Define a switch and add it to the command line.
    // A switch arg is a boolean argument and only defines a flag that
    // indicates true or false.  In this example the SwitchArg adds itself
    // to the CmdLine object as part of the constructor.  This eliminates
    // the need to call the cmd.add() method.  All args have support in
    // their constructors to add themselves directly to the CmdLine object.
    // It doesn't matter which idiom you choose, they accomplish the same thing.
    TCLAP::SwitchArg reverseSwitch("r","reverse","Print name backwards", cmd, false);

    // Parse the argv array.
    cmd.parse( argc, argv );

    // Get the value parsed by each arg.
    std::string name = nameArg.getValue();
    bool reverseName = reverseSwitch.getValue();

    // Do what you intend.
    if ( reverseName )
    {
            std::reverse(name.begin(),name.end());
            std::cout << "My name (spelled backwards) is: " << name << std::endl;
    }
    else
            std::cout << "My name is: " << name << std::endl;


    } catch (TCLAP::ArgException &e)  // catch any exceptions
    { std::cerr << "error: " << e.error() << " for arg " << e.argId() << std::endl; }
}

2011-10-10 11:54:05

我建议你去图书馆。有经典而古老的getopt，我相信还有其他的。

2009-01-14 01:18:22

还有另一种选择是精益平均c++选项解析器:

http://optionparser.sourceforge.net

它是一个只包含头文件的库(实际上只有一个头文件)，与所有其他建议不同也是独立的，即它没有任何依赖关系。特别是，它不依赖于STL。它甚至不使用异常或任何其他需要库支持的东西。这意味着它可以与普通C语言或其他语言链接，而无需引入“外国”库。

像boost::program_options一样，它的API提供了方便的直接访问选项，也就是说，你可以这样写代码

如果（选项[帮助]） ... ;

and

int VERBOSE = options[VERBOSE].count();

然而，与boost::program_options不同的是，这只是使用一个带有(用户提供的)enum索引的数组。这提供了没有权重的关联容器的便利。

它有良好的文档记录，并具有公司友好的许可证(MIT)。