在使用instanceof时，您需要在编译时知道B的类。当使用isAssignableFrom()时，它可以是动态的，并在运行时更改。

除了上面提到的基本区别之外，在类中的instanceof操作符和isAssignableFrom方法之间还有一个核心的微妙区别。

Read instanceof as “is this (the left part) the instance of this or any subclass of this (the right part)” and read x.getClass().isAssignableFrom(Y.class) as “Can I write X x = new Y()”. In other words, instanceof operator checks if the left object is same or subclass of right class, while isAssignableFrom checks if we can assign object of the parameter class (from) to the reference of the class on which the method is called. Note that both of these consider the actual instance not the reference type.

考虑一个A、B和C三个类的例子，其中C扩展了B, B扩展了A。

B b = new C();

System.out.println(b instanceof A); //is b (which is actually class C object) instance of A, yes. This will return true.  
System.out.println(b instanceof B); // is b (which is actually class C object) instance of B, yes. This will return true.  
System.out.println(b instanceof C); // is b (which is actually class C object) instance of C, yes. This will return true. If the first statement would be B b = new B(), this would have been false.
System.out.println(b.getClass().isAssignableFrom(A.class));//Can I write C c = new A(), no. So this is false.
System.out.println(b.getClass().isAssignableFrom(B.class)); //Can I write C c = new B(), no. So this is false.
System.out.println(b.getClass().isAssignableFrom(C.class)); //Can I write C c = new C(), Yes. So this is true.

还有另一个区别:

不管X是什么，null instanceof X都是假的

null.getClass().isAssignableFrom(X)将抛出NullPointerException

这完全取决于代码中此时可用的内容。我不建议使用isAssignableFrom如果你正在使用一个实际的对象-有一个更好的选择。下面是一份根据你所拥有的产品进行排名的推荐列表:

如果你有一个对象a，并且你在编译时知道类型B: a instanceof实例 如果你有一个对象a，你不知道类型B，但你有一个对象B: .isInstance b.getClass () () 如果你有一个对象a，在编译时没有类型或实例化对象，但你有一个类对象class <?> someBClass: someBClass.isInstance (a) 如果你没有实例化对象，但是你有两个Class<?>对象: someBClass.isAssignableFrom (someAClass)。

假设你从列表的顶部开始，然后往下做，每一种方法都是实现目标的最简单的方法，根据我自己的研究，我相信你也会得到最好的表现。

更直接的等价于B的实例是

B.class.isInstance(a)

当a为空时，这也可以工作(返回false)。

在性能“2”方面(与JMH):

class A{}
class B extends A{}

public class InstanceOfTest {

public static final Object a = new A();
public static final Object b = new B();

@Benchmark
@BenchmarkMode(Mode.AverageTime)
@OutputTimeUnit(TimeUnit.NANOSECONDS)
public boolean testInstanceOf()
{
    return b instanceof A;
}

@Benchmark
@BenchmarkMode(Mode.AverageTime)
@OutputTimeUnit(TimeUnit.NANOSECONDS)
public boolean testIsInstance()
{
    return A.class.isInstance(b);
}

@Benchmark
@BenchmarkMode(Mode.AverageTime)
@OutputTimeUnit(TimeUnit.NANOSECONDS)
public boolean testIsAssignableFrom()
{
    return A.class.isAssignableFrom(b.getClass());
}

public static void main(String[] args) throws RunnerException {
    Options opt = new OptionsBuilder()
            .include(InstanceOfTest.class.getSimpleName())
            .warmupIterations(5)
            .measurementIterations(5)
            .forks(1)
            .build();

    new Runner(opt).run();
}
}

它给:

Benchmark                            Mode  Cnt  Score   Error  Units
InstanceOfTest.testInstanceOf        avgt    5  1,972 ? 0,002  ns/op
InstanceOfTest.testIsAssignableFrom  avgt    5  1,991 ? 0,004  ns/op
InstanceOfTest.testIsInstance        avgt    5  1,972 ? 0,003  ns/op

因此，我们可以得出结论:instanceof as fast as isInstance() and isAssignableFrom() not far(+0.9%的执行时间)。所以无论你选择什么都没有真正的区别