如何将字节数组转换为十六进制字符串,反之亦然?


当前回答

从微软的开发人员那里,一个很好的、简单的转换:

public static string ByteArrayToString(byte[] ba) 
{
    // Concatenate the bytes into one long string
    return ba.Aggregate(new StringBuilder(32),
                            (sb, b) => sb.Append(b.ToString("X2"))
                            ).ToString();
}

虽然上面的内容简洁紧凑,但性能狂热者会使用枚举器对此尖叫不已。通过Tomalak原始答案的改进版本,您可以获得最佳性能:

public static string ByteArrayToString(byte[] ba)   
{   
   StringBuilder hex = new StringBuilder(ba.Length * 2);   

   for(int i=0; i < ba.Length; i++)       // <-- Use for loop is faster than foreach   
       hex.Append(ba[i].ToString("X2"));   // <-- ToString is faster than AppendFormat   

   return hex.ToString();   
} 

这是迄今为止我在这里看到的所有例程中速度最快的。不要只相信我的话…对每个例程进行性能测试并自行检查其CIL代码。

其他回答

这是我的纯二进制解决方案,不需要库查找,也支持大写/小写:

public static String encode(byte[] bytes, boolean uppercase) {
    char[] result = new char[2 * bytes.length];
    for (int i = 0; i < bytes.length; i++) {
        byte word = bytes[i];
        byte left = (byte) ((0XF0 & word) >>> 4);
        byte right = (byte) ((byte) 0X0F & word);

        int resultIndex = i * 2;
        result[resultIndex] = encode(left, uppercase);
        result[resultIndex + 1] = encode(right, uppercase);
    }
    return new String(result);
}

public static char encode(byte value, boolean uppercase) {
    int characterCase = uppercase ? 0 : 32;
    if (value > 15 || value < 0) {
        return '0';
    }
    if (value > 9) {
        return (char) (value + 0x37 | characterCase);
    }
    return (char) (value + 0x30);
}

可以使用从.NET 5开始的Convert.ToHexString。还有一个用于反向操作的方法:Convert.FromHexString。


对于较旧版本的.NET,您可以使用:

public static string ByteArrayToString(byte[] ba)
{
  StringBuilder hex = new StringBuilder(ba.Length * 2);
  foreach (byte b in ba)
    hex.AppendFormat("{0:x2}", b);
  return hex.ToString();
}

or:

public static string ByteArrayToString(byte[] ba)
{
  return BitConverter.ToString(ba).Replace("-","");
}

举个例子,这里有更多的方法。

反向转换如下:

public static byte[] StringToByteArray(String hex)
{
  int NumberChars = hex.Length;
  byte[] bytes = new byte[NumberChars / 2];
  for (int i = 0; i < NumberChars; i += 2)
    bytes[i / 2] = Convert.ToByte(hex.Substring(i, 2), 16);
  return bytes;
}

使用Substring是与Convert.ToByte结合使用的最佳选项。有关详细信息,请参阅此答案。如果需要更好的性能,必须避免Convert.ToByte,然后才能删除SubString。

此版本的ByteArrayToHexViaByteManipulation可能更快。

从我的报告中:

ByteArrayToHexViaByteManipulation3:1.68次平均滴答声(超过1000次),17,5XByteArrayToHexViaByteManipulation2:1,73平均滴答(超过1000次),16,9XByteArrayToHexViaByteManipulation:2,90平均刻度(超过1000次),10,1XByteArrayToHexViaLookupAndShift:3.22平均刻度(超过1000次),9,1X...静态专用只读字符[]hexAlphabet=新字符[]{'0','1','2','3','4','5','6','7','8','9','A','B','C','D','E','F'};静态字符串ByteArrayToHexViaByteManipulation3(byte[]字节){char[]c=新字符[bytes.Length*2];字节b;for(int i=0;i<bytes.Length;i++){b=((字节)(字节[i]>>4));c[i*2]=十六进制字母[b];b=((字节)(字节[i]&0xF));c[i*2+1]=十六进制字母[b];}返回新字符串(c);}

我认为这是一个优化:

    static private readonly char[] hexAlphabet = new char[]
        {'0','1','2','3','4','5','6','7','8','9','A','B','C','D','E','F'};
    static string ByteArrayToHexViaByteManipulation4(byte[] bytes)
    {
        char[] c = new char[bytes.Length * 2];
        for (int i = 0, ptr = 0; i < bytes.Length; i++, ptr += 2)
        {
            byte b = bytes[i];
            c[ptr] = hexAlphabet[b >> 4];
            c[ptr + 1] = hexAlphabet[b & 0xF];
        }
        return new string(c);
    }

.NET 5已添加Convert.ToHexString方法。

对于使用旧版本.NET的用户

internal static class ByteArrayExtensions
{
    
    public static string ToHexString(this byte[] bytes, Casing casing = Casing.Upper)
    {
        Span<char> result = stackalloc char[0];
        if (bytes.Length > 16)
        {
            var array = new char[bytes.Length * 2];
            result = array.AsSpan();
        }
        else
        {
            result = stackalloc char[bytes.Length * 2];
        }

        int pos = 0;
        foreach (byte b in bytes)
        {
            ToCharsBuffer(b, result, pos, casing);
            pos += 2;
        }

        return result.ToString();
    }

    private static void ToCharsBuffer(byte value, Span<char> buffer, int startingIndex = 0, Casing casing = Casing.Upper)
    {
        uint difference = (((uint)value & 0xF0U) << 4) + ((uint)value & 0x0FU) - 0x8989U;
        uint packedResult = ((((uint)(-(int)difference) & 0x7070U) >> 4) + difference + 0xB9B9U) | (uint)casing;

        buffer[startingIndex + 1] = (char)(packedResult & 0xFF);
        buffer[startingIndex] = (char)(packedResult >> 8);
    }
}

public enum Casing : uint
{
    // Output [ '0' .. '9' ] and [ 'A' .. 'F' ].
    Upper = 0,

    // Output [ '0' .. '9' ] and [ 'a' .. 'f' ].
    Lower = 0x2020U,
}

改编自.NET存储库https://github.com/dotnet/runtime/blob/v5.0.3/src/libraries/System.Private.CoreLib/src/System/Convert.cshttps://github.com/dotnet/runtime/blob/v5.0.3/src/libraries/Common/src/System/HexConverter.cs

这里不想赘述很多答案,但我发现了一个十六进制字符串解析器的相当优化(比公认的好4.5倍)、简单的实现。首先,我的测试输出(第一批是我的实现):

Give me that string:
04c63f7842740c77e545bb0b2ade90b384f119f6ab57b680b7aa575a2f40939f

Time to parse 100,000 times: 50.4192 ms
Result as base64: BMY/eEJ0DHflRbsLKt6Qs4TxGfarV7aAt6pXWi9Ak58=
BitConverter'd: 04-C6-3F-78-42-74-0C-77-E5-45-BB-0B-2A-DE-90-B3-84-F1-19-F6-AB-5
7-B6-80-B7-AA-57-5A-2F-40-93-9F

Accepted answer: (StringToByteArray)
Time to parse 100000 times: 233.1264ms
Result as base64: BMY/eEJ0DHflRbsLKt6Qs4TxGfarV7aAt6pXWi9Ak58=
BitConverter'd: 04-C6-3F-78-42-74-0C-77-E5-45-BB-0B-2A-DE-90-B3-84-F1-19-F6-AB-5
7-B6-80-B7-AA-57-5A-2F-40-93-9F

With Mono's implementation:
Time to parse 100000 times: 777.2544ms
Result as base64: BMY/eEJ0DHflRbsLKt6Qs4TxGfarV7aAt6pXWi9Ak58=
BitConverter'd: 04-C6-3F-78-42-74-0C-77-E5-45-BB-0B-2A-DE-90-B3-84-F1-19-F6-AB-5
7-B6-80-B7-AA-57-5A-2F-40-93-9F

With SoapHexBinary:
Time to parse 100000 times: 845.1456ms
Result as base64: BMY/eEJ0DHflRbsLKt6Qs4TxGfarV7aAt6pXWi9Ak58=
BitConverter'd: 04-C6-3F-78-42-74-0C-77-E5-45-BB-0B-2A-DE-90-B3-84-F1-19-F6-AB-5
7-B6-80-B7-AA-57-5A-2F-40-93-9F

base64和“BitConverter'd”行用于测试正确性。请注意,它们是相等的。

实施:

public static byte[] ToByteArrayFromHex(string hexString)
{
  if (hexString.Length % 2 != 0) throw new ArgumentException("String must have an even length");
  var array = new byte[hexString.Length / 2];
  for (int i = 0; i < hexString.Length; i += 2)
  {
    array[i/2] = ByteFromTwoChars(hexString[i], hexString[i + 1]);
  }
  return array;
}

private static byte ByteFromTwoChars(char p, char p_2)
{
  byte ret;
  if (p <= '9' && p >= '0')
  {
    ret = (byte) ((p - '0') << 4);
  }
  else if (p <= 'f' && p >= 'a')
  {
    ret = (byte) ((p - 'a' + 10) << 4);
  }
  else if (p <= 'F' && p >= 'A')
  {
    ret = (byte) ((p - 'A' + 10) << 4);
  } else throw new ArgumentException("Char is not a hex digit: " + p,"p");

  if (p_2 <= '9' && p_2 >= '0')
  {
    ret |= (byte) ((p_2 - '0'));
  }
  else if (p_2 <= 'f' && p_2 >= 'a')
  {
    ret |= (byte) ((p_2 - 'a' + 10));
  }
  else if (p_2 <= 'F' && p_2 >= 'A')
  {
    ret |= (byte) ((p_2 - 'A' + 10));
  } else throw new ArgumentException("Char is not a hex digit: " + p_2, "p_2");

  return ret;
}

我尝试了一些不安全的东西,并将(显然是冗余的)字符移动到另一个方法来蚕食if序列,但这是最快的。

(我承认这回答了一半的问题。我觉得字符串->字节[]转换不足,而字节[]->字符串角度似乎被很好地覆盖了。因此,这个答案。)