您可以使用一个简单的类来进行这种测量。

class duration_printer {
public:
    duration_printer() : __start(std::chrono::high_resolution_clock::now()) {}
    ~duration_printer() {
        using namespace std::chrono;
        high_resolution_clock::time_point end = high_resolution_clock::now();
        duration<double> dur = duration_cast<duration<double>>(end - __start);
        std::cout << dur.count() << " seconds" << std::endl;
    }
private:
    std::chrono::high_resolution_clock::time_point __start;
};

唯一需要做的是在函数的开始处创建一个对象

void veryLongExecutingFunction() {
    duration_calculator dc;
    for(int i = 0; i < 100000; ++i) std::cout << "Hello world" << std::endl;
}

int main() {
    veryLongExecutingFunction();
    return 0;
}

就是这样。可以修改该类以满足您的需求。

在c++ 11中，这是一个非常容易使用的方法。 我们可以从头文件中使用std::chrono::high_resolution_clock 我们可以编写一个方法，以易于阅读的形式打印方法执行时间。

例如，要找到1到1亿之间的所有质数，大约需要1分40秒。 因此，执行时间打印为:

Execution Time: 1 Minutes, 40 Seconds, 715 MicroSeconds, 715000 NanoSeconds

代码在这里:

#include <iostream>
#include <chrono>

using namespace std;
using namespace std::chrono;

typedef high_resolution_clock Clock;
typedef Clock::time_point ClockTime;

void findPrime(long n, string file);
void printExecutionTime(ClockTime start_time, ClockTime end_time);

int main()
{
    long n = long(1E+8);  // N = 100 million

    ClockTime start_time = Clock::now();

    // Write all the prime numbers from 1 to N to the file "prime.txt"
    findPrime(n, "C:\\prime.txt"); 

    ClockTime end_time = Clock::now();

    printExecutionTime(start_time, end_time);
}

void printExecutionTime(ClockTime start_time, ClockTime end_time)
{
    auto execution_time_ns = duration_cast<nanoseconds>(end_time - start_time).count();
    auto execution_time_ms = duration_cast<microseconds>(end_time - start_time).count();
    auto execution_time_sec = duration_cast<seconds>(end_time - start_time).count();
    auto execution_time_min = duration_cast<minutes>(end_time - start_time).count();
    auto execution_time_hour = duration_cast<hours>(end_time - start_time).count();

    cout << "\nExecution Time: ";
    if(execution_time_hour > 0)
    cout << "" << execution_time_hour << " Hours, ";
    if(execution_time_min > 0)
    cout << "" << execution_time_min % 60 << " Minutes, ";
    if(execution_time_sec > 0)
    cout << "" << execution_time_sec % 60 << " Seconds, ";
    if(execution_time_ms > 0)
    cout << "" << execution_time_ms % long(1E+3) << " MicroSeconds, ";
    if(execution_time_ns > 0)
    cout << "" << execution_time_ns % long(1E+6) << " NanoSeconds, ";
}

在c++ 11中，这是一个非常容易使用的方法。你必须使用std::chrono::high_resolution_clock from <chrono>头。

像这样使用它:

#include <chrono>

/* Only needed for the sake of this example. */
#include <iostream>
#include <thread>
    
void long_operation()
{
    /* Simulating a long, heavy operation. */

    using namespace std::chrono_literals;
    std::this_thread::sleep_for(150ms);
}

int main()
{
    using std::chrono::high_resolution_clock;
    using std::chrono::duration_cast;
    using std::chrono::duration;
    using std::chrono::milliseconds;

    auto t1 = high_resolution_clock::now();
    long_operation();
    auto t2 = high_resolution_clock::now();

    /* Getting number of milliseconds as an integer. */
    auto ms_int = duration_cast<milliseconds>(t2 - t1);

    /* Getting number of milliseconds as a double. */
    duration<double, std::milli> ms_double = t2 - t1;

    std::cout << ms_int.count() << "ms\n";
    std::cout << ms_double.count() << "ms\n";
    return 0;
}

这将度量函数long_operation的持续时间。

可能的输出:

150ms
150.068ms

工作示例:https://godbolt.org/z/oe5cMd

如果你想要安全的时间和代码行，你可以用一行宏来测量函数的执行时间:

a)实现如上所述的时间测量类(这是我的android实现):

class MeasureExecutionTime{
private:
    const std::chrono::steady_clock::time_point begin;
    const std::string caller;
public:
    MeasureExecutionTime(const std::string& caller):caller(caller),begin(std::chrono::steady_clock::now()){}
    ~MeasureExecutionTime(){
        const auto duration=std::chrono::steady_clock::now()-begin;
        LOGD("ExecutionTime")<<"For "<<caller<<" is "<<std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::milliseconds>(duration).count()<<"ms";
    }
};

b)添加一个方便的宏，它使用当前函数名作为TAG(在这里使用宏很重要，否则__FUNCTION__将计算为MeasureExecutionTime而不是你想测量的函数

#ifndef MEASURE_FUNCTION_EXECUTION_TIME
#define MEASURE_FUNCTION_EXECUTION_TIME const MeasureExecutionTime measureExecutionTime(__FUNCTION__);
#endif

c)在你想要测量的函数的开头写你的宏。例子:

 void DecodeMJPEGtoANativeWindowBuffer(uvc_frame_t* frame_mjpeg,const ANativeWindow_Buffer& nativeWindowBuffer){
        MEASURE_FUNCTION_EXECUTION_TIME
        // Do some time-critical stuff 
}

这将导致以下输出:

ExecutionTime: For DecodeMJPEGtoANativeWindowBuffer is 54ms

请注意，这(和所有其他建议的解决方案一样)将测量函数被调用和返回之间的时间，而不一定是CPU执行函数的时间。但是，如果您不给调度程序任何更改，通过调用sleep()或类似方法来挂起正在运行的代码，则两者之间没有区别。

因为没有一个提供的答案是非常准确的或可复制的结果，我决定添加一个链接到我的代码，具有亚纳秒的精度和科学统计。

Note that this will only work to measure code that takes a (very) short time to run (aka, a few clock cycles to a few thousand): if they run so long that they are likely to be interrupted by some -heh- interrupt, then it is clearly not possible to give a reproducable and accurate result; the consequence of which is that the measurement never finishes: namely, it continues to measure until it is statistically 99.9% sure it has the right answer which never happens on a machine that has other processes running when the code takes too long.

https://github.com/CarloWood/cwds/blob/master/benchmark.h#L40

我建议使用steady_clock，它保证是单调的，不像high_resolution_clock。

#include <iostream>
#include <chrono>

using namespace std;

unsigned int stopwatch()
{
    static auto start_time = chrono::steady_clock::now();

    auto end_time = chrono::steady_clock::now();
    auto delta    = chrono::duration_cast<chrono::microseconds>(end_time - start_time);

    start_time = end_time;

    return delta.count();
}

int main() {
  stopwatch(); //Start stopwatch
  std::cout << "Hello World!\n";
  cout << stopwatch() << endl; //Time to execute last line
  for (int i=0; i<1000000; i++)
      string s = "ASDFAD";
  cout << stopwatch() << endl; //Time to execute for loop
}

输出:

Hello World!
62
163514