根据您的开发环境，您甚至无法选择字符串数据类型将在内部使用什么编码。

但是对于存储和交换数据，我总是使用UTF-8，如果你有选择的话。如果您的数据主要是ASCII数据，这将为您提供最少的数据传输量，同时仍然能够编码所有内容。优化最小的I/O是现代机器的发展方向。

简而言之:

UTF-8: Variable-width encoding, backwards compatible with ASCII. ASCII characters (U+0000 to U+007F) take 1 byte, code points U+0080 to U+07FF take 2 bytes, code points U+0800 to U+FFFF take 3 bytes, code points U+10000 to U+10FFFF take 4 bytes. Good for English text, not so good for Asian text. UTF-16: Variable-width encoding. Code points U+0000 to U+FFFF take 2 bytes, code points U+10000 to U+10FFFF take 4 bytes. Bad for English text, good for Asian text. UTF-32: Fixed-width encoding. All code points take four bytes. An enormous memory hog, but fast to operate on. Rarely used.

长:参见维基百科:UTF-8, UTF-16和UTF-32。

UTF-8为变量1 ~ 4字节。 UTF-16是可变的2或4字节。 UTF-32是固定的4字节。

在阅读完答案后，UTF-32需要一些爱。

C#:

Data1 = RandomNumberGenerator.GetBytes(500_000_000);

sw = Stopwatch.StartNew();
int l = Encoding.UTF8.GetString(Data1).Length;
sw.Stop();
Console.WriteLine($"UTF-8: Elapsed - {sw.ElapsedMilliseconds * .001:0.000s}   Size - {l:###,###,###}");

sw = Stopwatch.StartNew();
l = Encoding.Unicode.GetString(Data1).Length;
sw.Stop();
Console.WriteLine($"Unicode: Elapsed - {sw.ElapsedMilliseconds * .001:0.000s}   Size - {l:###,###,###}");

sw = Stopwatch.StartNew();
l = Encoding.UTF32.GetString(Data1).Length;
sw.Stop();
Console.WriteLine($"UTF-32: Elapsed - {sw.ElapsedMilliseconds * .001:0.000s}   Size - {l:###,###,###}");

sw = Stopwatch.StartNew();
l = Encoding.ASCII.GetString(Data1).Length;
sw.Stop();
Console.WriteLine($"ASCII: Elapsed - {sw.ElapsedMilliseconds * .001:0.000s}   Size - {l:###,###,###}");

UTF-8—经过9.939秒-大小473,752,800

Unicode—消失0.853秒-大小2.5亿

UTF-32—消失3.143秒-大小125,030,570

ASCII—经过2.362秒-大小500,000,000

Utf-32——丢麦克风

Unicode是一个标准，关于UTF-x，你可以把它看作是一个技术实现，用于一些实际目的:

UTF-8 - "size optimized": best suited for Latin character based data (or ASCII), it takes only 1 byte per character but the size grows accordingly symbol variety (and in worst case could grow up to 6 bytes per character) UTF-16 - "balance": it takes minimum 2 bytes per character which is enough for existing set of the mainstream languages with having fixed size on it to ease character handling (but size is still variable and can grow up to 4 bytes per character) UTF-32 - "performance": allows using of simple algorithms as result of fixed size characters (4 bytes) but with memory disadvantage

我做了一些测试来比较MySQL中UTF-8和UTF-16之间的数据库性能。

更新的速度

utf - 8

utf - 16

插入的速度

删除速度