我有一个Python脚本,它把一个整数列表作为输入,我需要一次处理四个整数。不幸的是,我无法控制输入,否则我将它作为一个四元素元组列表传入。目前,我以这种方式迭代它:

for i in range(0, len(ints), 4):
    # dummy op for example code
    foo += ints[i] * ints[i + 1] + ints[i + 2] * ints[i + 3]

不过,它看起来很像“C-think”,这让我怀疑有一种更python的方式来处理这种情况。该列表在迭代后被丢弃,因此不需要保留。也许这样会更好?

while ints:
    foo += ints[0] * ints[1] + ints[2] * ints[3]
    ints[0:4] = []

不过,感觉还是不太对。: - /

相关问题:在Python中如何将列表分割成大小均匀的块?


当前回答

def chunker(iterable, n):
    """Yield iterable in chunk sizes.

    >>> chunks = chunker('ABCDEF', n=4)
    >>> chunks.next()
    ['A', 'B', 'C', 'D']
    >>> chunks.next()
    ['E', 'F']
    """
    it = iter(iterable)
    while True:
        chunk = []
        for i in range(n):
            try:
                chunk.append(next(it))
            except StopIteration:
                yield chunk
                raise StopIteration
        yield chunk

if __name__ == '__main__':
    import doctest

    doctest.testmod()

其他回答

def group_by(iterable, size):
    """Group an iterable into lists that don't exceed the size given.

    >>> group_by([1,2,3,4,5], 2)
    [[1, 2], [3, 4], [5]]

    """
    sublist = []

    for index, item in enumerate(iterable):
        if index > 0 and index % size == 0:
            yield sublist
            sublist = []

        sublist.append(item)

    if sublist:
        yield sublist

似乎没有一个漂亮的方法来做到这一点。下面是一个有很多方法的页面,包括:

def split_seq(seq, size):
    newseq = []
    splitsize = 1.0/size*len(seq)
    for i in range(size):
        newseq.append(seq[int(round(i*splitsize)):int(round((i+1)*splitsize))])
    return newseq

要避免所有到列表的转换,请导入itertools和:

>>> for k, g in itertools.groupby(xrange(35), lambda x: x/10):
...     list(g)

生产:

... 
0 [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]
1 [10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19]
2 [20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29]
3 [30, 31, 32, 33, 34]
>>> 

我检查了groupby,它不转换为列表或使用len,所以我(认为)这将延迟每个值的解析,直到它实际使用。不幸的是,没有一个现成的答案(在这个时候)似乎提供了这种变化。

显然,如果你需要依次处理每一项,在g上嵌套一个for循环:

for k,g in itertools.groupby(xrange(35), lambda x: x/10):
    for i in g:
       # do what you need to do with individual items
    # now do what you need to do with the whole group

我对此特别感兴趣的是需要消耗一个生成器,以批量提交最多1000个更改到gmail API:

    messages = a_generator_which_would_not_be_smart_as_a_list
    for idx, batch in groupby(messages, lambda x: x/1000):
        batch_request = BatchHttpRequest()
        for message in batch:
            batch_request.add(self.service.users().messages().modify(userId='me', id=message['id'], body=msg_labels))
        http = httplib2.Http()
        self.credentials.authorize(http)
        batch_request.execute(http=http)

除非我遗漏了一些内容,否则没有提到以下使用生成器表达式的简单解决方案。它假设块的大小和数量都是已知的(通常情况下),并且不需要填充:

def chunks(it, n, m):
    """Make an iterator over m first chunks of size n.
    """
    it = iter(it)
    # Chunks are presented as tuples.
    return (tuple(next(it) for _ in range(n)) for _ in range(m))

more-itertools包有一个分块方法,它可以做到这一点:

import more_itertools
for s in more_itertools.chunked(range(9), 4):
    print(s)

打印

[0, 1, 2, 3]
[4, 5, 6, 7]
[8]

Chunked返回列表中的项。如果你更喜欢迭代对象,可以使用ichunked。