我有一个Python脚本，它把一个整数列表作为输入，我需要一次处理四个整数。不幸的是，我无法控制输入，否则我将它作为一个四元素元组列表传入。目前，我以这种方式迭代它:
for i in range(0, len(ints), 4):
# dummy op for example code
foo += ints[i] * ints[i + 1] + ints[i + 2] * ints[i + 3]
不过，它看起来很像“C-think”，这让我怀疑有一种更python的方式来处理这种情况。该列表在迭代后被丢弃，因此不需要保留。也许这样会更好?
while ints:
foo += ints[0] * ints[1] + ints[2] * ints[3]
ints[0:4] = []
不过，感觉还是不太对。: - /
相关问题:在Python中如何将列表分割成大小均匀的块?
当前回答
def chunker(seq, size):
return (seq[pos:pos + size] for pos in range(0, len(seq), size))
适用于任何序列:
text = "I am a very, very helpful text"
for group in chunker(text, 7):
print(repr(group),)
# 'I am a ' 'very, v' 'ery hel' 'pful te' 'xt'
print('|'.join(chunker(text, 10)))
# I am a ver|y, very he|lpful text
animals = ['cat', 'dog', 'rabbit', 'duck', 'bird', 'cow', 'gnu', 'fish']
for group in chunker(animals, 3):
print(group)
# ['cat', 'dog', 'rabbit']
# ['duck', 'bird', 'cow']
# ['gnu', 'fish']
其他回答
另一种方法是使用双参数形式的iter:
from itertools import islice
def group(it, size):
it = iter(it)
return iter(lambda: tuple(islice(it, size)), ())
这可以很容易地适应使用填充(这类似于Markus Jarderot的答案):
from itertools import islice, chain, repeat
def group_pad(it, size, pad=None):
it = chain(iter(it), repeat(pad))
return iter(lambda: tuple(islice(it, size)), (pad,) * size)
这些甚至可以组合为可选的填充:
_no_pad = object()
def group(it, size, pad=_no_pad):
if pad == _no_pad:
it = iter(it)
sentinel = ()
else:
it = chain(iter(it), repeat(pad))
sentinel = (pad,) * size
return iter(lambda: tuple(islice(it, size)), sentinel)
如果列表大小相同，可以使用zip()将它们组合成4元组列表。例如:
# Four lists of four elements each.
l1 = range(0, 4)
l2 = range(4, 8)
l3 = range(8, 12)
l4 = range(12, 16)
for i1, i2, i3, i4 in zip(l1, l2, l3, l4):
...
下面是zip()函数生成的内容:
>>> print l1
[0, 1, 2, 3]
>>> print l2
[4, 5, 6, 7]
>>> print l3
[8, 9, 10, 11]
>>> print l4
[12, 13, 14, 15]
>>> print zip(l1, l2, l3, l4)
[(0, 4, 8, 12), (1, 5, 9, 13), (2, 6, 10, 14), (3, 7, 11, 15)]
如果列表很大，并且您不想将它们组合成一个更大的列表，请使用itertools.izip()，它会生成一个迭代器，而不是一个列表。
from itertools import izip
for i1, i2, i3, i4 in izip(l1, l2, l3, l4):
...
我需要一个解决方案，也将工作与集和生成器。我写不出很短很漂亮的东西，但至少可读性很好。
def chunker(seq, size):
res = []
for el in seq:
res.append(el)
if len(res) == size:
yield res
res = []
if res:
yield res
列表:
>>> list(chunker([i for i in range(10)], 3))
[[0, 1, 2], [3, 4, 5], [6, 7, 8], [9]]
Set:
>>> list(chunker(set([i for i in range(10)]), 3))
[[0, 1, 2], [3, 4, 5], [6, 7, 8], [9]]
发电机:
>>> list(chunker((i for i in range(10)), 3))
[[0, 1, 2], [3, 4, 5], [6, 7, 8], [9]]
import itertools
def chunks(iterable,size):
it = iter(iterable)
chunk = tuple(itertools.islice(it,size))
while chunk:
yield chunk
chunk = tuple(itertools.islice(it,size))
# though this will throw ValueError if the length of ints
# isn't a multiple of four:
for x1,x2,x3,x4 in chunks(ints,4):
foo += x1 + x2 + x3 + x4
for chunk in chunks(ints,4):
foo += sum(chunk)
另一种方法:
import itertools
def chunks2(iterable,size,filler=None):
it = itertools.chain(iterable,itertools.repeat(filler,size-1))
chunk = tuple(itertools.islice(it,size))
while len(chunk) == size:
yield chunk
chunk = tuple(itertools.islice(it,size))
# x2, x3 and x4 could get the value 0 if the length is not
# a multiple of 4.
for x1,x2,x3,x4 in chunks2(ints,4,0):
foo += x1 + x2 + x3 + x4
chunk_size = 4
for i in range(0, len(ints), chunk_size):
chunk = ints[i:i+chunk_size]
# process chunk of size <= chunk_size
