function func() {
  var val = document.frm.filename.value;
  var arr = val.split(".");
  alert(arr[arr.length - 1]);
  var arr1 = val.split("\\");
  alert(arr1[arr1.length - 2]);
  if (arr[1] == "gif" || arr[1] == "bmp" || arr[1] == "jpeg") {
    alert("this is an image file ");
  } else {
    alert("this is not an image file");
  }
}

var file = "hello.txt";
var ext = (function(file, lio) { 
  return lio === -1 ? undefined : file.substring(lio+1); 
})(file, file.lastIndexOf("."));

// hello.txt -> txt
// hello.dolly.txt -> txt
// hello -> undefined
// .hello -> hello

function func() {
  var val = document.frm.filename.value;
  var arr = val.split(".");
  alert(arr[arr.length - 1]);
  var arr1 = val.split("\\");
  alert(arr1[arr1.length - 2]);
  if (arr[1] == "gif" || arr[1] == "bmp" || arr[1] == "jpeg") {
    alert("this is an image file ");
  } else {
    alert("this is not an image file");
  }
}

我相信将来会有人缩小和/或优化我的代码。但是，到目前为止，我有200%的信心，我的代码在每一个独特的情况下工作(例如，只有文件名，相对，根相对，和绝对URL的，片段#标签，与查询?字符串，以及任何你可能决定扔给它的东西)，完美无缺，精确到极点。

为了证明，请访问:https://projects.jamesandersonjr.com/web/js_projects/get_file_extension_test.php

这是JSFiddle: https://jsfiddle.net/JamesAndersonJr/ffcdd5z3/

不要过于自信，或者自吹自擂，但我还没有看到任何代码块的这个任务(找到“正确的”文件扩展名，在电池不同的函数输入参数)，工作得很好。

注意:按照设计，如果给定的输入字符串不存在文件扩展名，它只返回一个空白字符串“”，而不是错误，也不是错误消息。

它有两个参数: 字符串:fileNameOrURL(自解释) 布尔值:showUnixDotFiles(是否显示以点“。”开头的文件)

注(2):如果你喜欢我的代码，一定要把它添加到你的js库中，和/或repo库中，因为我努力完善它，浪费它将是一种耻辱。所以，废话不多说，下面是:

function getFileExtension(fileNameOrURL, showUnixDotFiles)
    {
        /* First, let's declare some preliminary variables we'll need later on. */
        var fileName;
        var fileExt;
        
        /* Now we'll create a hidden anchor ('a') element (Note: No need to append this element to the document). */
        var hiddenLink = document.createElement('a');
        
        /* Just for fun, we'll add a CSS attribute of [ style.display = "none" ]. Remember: You can never be too sure! */
        hiddenLink.style.display = "none";
        
        /* Set the 'href' attribute of the hidden link we just created, to the 'fileNameOrURL' argument received by this function. */
        hiddenLink.setAttribute('href', fileNameOrURL);
        
        /* Now, let's take advantage of the browser's built-in parser, to remove elements from the original 'fileNameOrURL' argument received by this function, without actually modifying our newly created hidden 'anchor' element.*/ 
        fileNameOrURL = fileNameOrURL.replace(hiddenLink.protocol, ""); /* First, let's strip out the protocol, if there is one. */
        fileNameOrURL = fileNameOrURL.replace(hiddenLink.hostname, ""); /* Now, we'll strip out the host-name (i.e. domain-name) if there is one. */
        fileNameOrURL = fileNameOrURL.replace(":" + hiddenLink.port, ""); /* Now finally, we'll strip out the port number, if there is one (Kinda overkill though ;-)). */  
        
        /* Now, we're ready to finish processing the 'fileNameOrURL' variable by removing unnecessary parts, to isolate the file name. */
        
        /* Operations for working with [relative, root-relative, and absolute] URL's ONLY [BEGIN] */ 
        
        /* Break the possible URL at the [ '?' ] and take first part, to shave of the entire query string ( everything after the '?'), if it exist. */
        fileNameOrURL = fileNameOrURL.split('?')[0];

        /* Sometimes URL's don't have query's, but DO have a fragment [ # ](i.e 'reference anchor'), so we should also do the same for the fragment tag [ # ]. */
        fileNameOrURL = fileNameOrURL.split('#')[0];

        /* Now that we have just the URL 'ALONE', Let's remove everything to the last slash in URL, to isolate the file name. */
        fileNameOrURL = fileNameOrURL.substr(1 + fileNameOrURL.lastIndexOf("/"));

        /* Operations for working with [relative, root-relative, and absolute] URL's ONLY [END] */ 

        /* Now, 'fileNameOrURL' should just be 'fileName' */
        fileName = fileNameOrURL;
        
        /* Now, we check if we should show UNIX dot-files, or not. This should be either 'true' or 'false'. */  
        if ( showUnixDotFiles == false )
            {
                /* If not ('false'), we should check if the filename starts with a period (indicating it's a UNIX dot-file). */
                if ( fileName.startsWith(".") )
                    {
                        /* If so, we return a blank string to the function caller. Our job here, is done! */
                        return "";
                    };
            };
        
        /* Now, let's get everything after the period in the filename (i.e. the correct 'file extension'). */
        fileExt = fileName.substr(1 + fileName.lastIndexOf("."));

        /* Now that we've discovered the correct file extension, let's return it to the function caller. */
        return fileExt;
    };

享受吧!不客气!：

使用reduce和数组解构来获取文件名和扩展名:

Var STR = "filename.with_dot.png"; Var [filename, extension] = str.split('.')。Reduce ((acc, val, i, arr) => (i == arr。长度- 1)?(acc [0] .substring (1), val]: [[acc [0], val] . join ('.')], []) console.log({文件名,扩展});

有更好的缩进:

var str = "filename.with_dot.png";
var [filename, extension] = str.split('.')
   .reduce((acc, val, i, arr) => (i == arr.length - 1) 
       ? [acc[0].substring(1), val] 
       : [[acc[0], val].join('.')], [])


console.log({filename, extension});

// {
//   "filename": "filename.with_dot",
//   "extension": "png"
// }

Code

/**
 * Extract file extension from URL.
 * @param {String} url
 * @returns {String} File extension or empty string if no extension is present.
 */
var getFileExtension = function (url) {
    "use strict";
    if (url === null) {
        return "";
    }
    var index = url.lastIndexOf("/");
    if (index !== -1) {
        url = url.substring(index + 1); // Keep path without its segments
    }
    index = url.indexOf("?");
    if (index !== -1) {
        url = url.substring(0, index); // Remove query
    }
    index = url.indexOf("#");
    if (index !== -1) {
        url = url.substring(0, index); // Remove fragment
    }
    index = url.lastIndexOf(".");
    return index !== -1
        ? url.substring(index + 1) // Only keep file extension
        : ""; // No extension found
};

Test

注意，在没有查询的情况下，片段可能仍然存在。

"https://www.example.com:8080/segment1/segment2/page.html?foo=bar#fragment" --> "html"
"https://www.example.com:8080/segment1/segment2/page.html#fragment"         --> "html"
"https://www.example.com:8080/segment1/segment2/.htaccess?foo=bar#fragment" --> "htaccess"
"https://www.example.com:8080/segment1/segment2/page?foo=bar#fragment"      --> ""
"https://www.example.com:8080/segment1/segment2/?foo=bar#fragment"          --> ""
""                                                                          --> ""
null                                                                        --> ""
"a.b.c.d"                                                                   --> "d"
".a.b"                                                                      --> "b"
".a.b."                                                                     --> ""
"a...b"                                                                     --> "b"
"..."                                                                       --> ""

JSLint

0的警告。