function getFileExtension(filename)
{
  var ext = /^.+\.([^.]+)$/.exec(filename);
  return ext == null ? "" : ext[1];
}

测试了

"a.b"     (=> "b") 
"a"       (=> "") 
".hidden" (=> "") 
""        (=> "") 
null      (=> "")  

也

"a.b.c.d" (=> "d")
".a.b"    (=> "b")
"a..b"    (=> "b")

以下解决方案足够快速和简短，可以用于批量操作并节省额外的字节:

 return fname.slice((fname.lastIndexOf(".") - 1 >>> 0) + 2);

下面是另一个单行非regexp通用解决方案:

 return fname.slice((Math.max(0, fname.lastIndexOf(".")) || Infinity) + 1);

对于没有扩展名(例如myfile)或以开头的名称，两者都可以正常工作。点(例如。htaccess):

 ""                            -->   ""
 "name"                        -->   ""
 "name.txt"                    -->   "txt"
 ".htpasswd"                   -->   ""
 "name.with.many.dots.myext"   -->   "myext"

如果你关心速度，你可以运行基准测试，检查提供的解决方案是否是最快的，而简短的解决方案是非常快的:

短的是如何工作的:

String.lastIndexOf method returns the last position of the substring (i.e. ".") in the given string (i.e. fname). If the substring is not found method returns -1. The "unacceptable" positions of dot in the filename are -1 and 0, which respectively refer to names with no extension (e.g. "name") and to names that start with dot (e.g. ".htaccess"). Zero-fill right shift operator (>>>) if used with zero affects negative numbers transforming -1 to 4294967295 and -2 to 4294967294, which is useful for remaining the filename unchanged in the edge cases (sort of a trick here). String.prototype.slice extracts the part of the filename from the position that was calculated as described. If the position number is more than the length of the string method returns "".

如果你想要更清晰的解决方案，将以同样的方式工作(加上额外的全路径支持)，请检查以下扩展版本。这个解决方案比以前的一行程序要慢，但是更容易理解。

function getExtension(path) {
    var basename = path.split(/[\\/]/).pop(),  // extract file name from full path ...
                                               // (supports `\\` and `/` separators)
        pos = basename.lastIndexOf(".");       // get last position of `.`

    if (basename === "" || pos < 1)            // if file name is empty or ...
        return "";                             //  `.` not found (-1) or comes first (0)

    return basename.slice(pos + 1);            // extract extension ignoring `.`
}

console.log( getExtension("/path/to/file.ext") );
// >> "ext"

这三种变体都可以在客户端的任何web浏览器中工作，也可以在服务器端NodeJS代码中使用。

fetchFileExtention(fileName) {
    return fileName.slice((fileName.lastIndexOf(".") - 1 >>> 0) + 2);
}

var file = "hello.txt";
var ext = (function(file, lio) { 
  return lio === -1 ? undefined : file.substring(lio+1); 
})(file, file.lastIndexOf("."));

// hello.txt -> txt
// hello.dolly.txt -> txt
// hello -> undefined
// .hello -> hello

别忘了有些文件没有扩展名，所以:

var parts = filename.split('.');
return (parts.length > 1) ? parts.pop() : '';

我更喜欢使用lodash的大多数事情，所以这里有一个解决方案:

function getExtensionFromFilename(filename) {
    let extension = '';
    if (filename > '') {
        let parts = _.split(filename, '.');
        if (parts.length >= 2) {
        extension = _.last(parts);
    }
    return extension;
}