下面是一种使用参数类型允许真正的方法重载的方法，如下所示:

Func(new Point());
Func(new Dimension());
Func(new Dimension(), new Point());
Func(0, 0, 0, 0);

Edit(2018):自2011年编写以来，直接方法调用的速度大大提高，而重载方法的速度却没有提高。

这不是我推荐的方法，但思考如何解决这类问题是一个值得思考的练习。

这里是不同方法的基准测试- https://jsperf.com/function-overloading。它显示函数重载(考虑到类型)可以在谷歌Chrome的V8 16.0(测试版)慢大约13倍。

除了传递一个对象(例如{x: 0, y: 0})，还可以在适当的时候采用C方法，相应地命名方法。例如，vector . addvector (vector)， vector . addvector。AddIntegers(x, y, z，…)和Vector.AddArray(integerArray)。您可以查看C库，例如OpenGL，以获得命名灵感。

编辑:我已经添加了一个基准，用于传递一个对象，并使用arg和arg. hasownproperty ('param')中的'param'测试对象，函数重载比传递一个对象和检查属性快得多(至少在这个基准测试中)。

From a design perspective, function overloading is only valid or logical if the overloaded parameters correspond to the same action. So it stands to reason that there ought to be an underlying method that is only concerned with specific details, otherwise that may indicate inappropriate design choices. So one could also resolve the use of function overloading by converting data to a respective object. Of course one must consider the scope of the problem as there's no need in making elaborate designs if your intention is just to print a name, but for the design of frameworks and libraries such thought is justified.

我的例子来自一个矩形实现——因此提到了维和点。也许Rectangle可以向Dimension and Point原型添加一个GetRectangle()方法，然后对函数重载问题进行排序。那原语呢?好的，我们有参数length，这现在是一个有效的测试，因为对象有一个GetRectangle()方法。

function Dimension() {}
function Point() {}

var Util = {};

Util.Redirect = function (args, func) {
  'use strict';
  var REDIRECT_ARGUMENT_COUNT = 2;

  if(arguments.length - REDIRECT_ARGUMENT_COUNT !== args.length) {
    return null;
  }

  for(var i = REDIRECT_ARGUMENT_COUNT; i < arguments.length; ++i) {
    var argsIndex = i-REDIRECT_ARGUMENT_COUNT;
    var currentArgument = args[argsIndex];
    var currentType = arguments[i];
    if(typeof(currentType) === 'object') {
      currentType = currentType.constructor;
    }
    if(typeof(currentType) === 'number') {
      currentType = 'number';
    }
    if(typeof(currentType) === 'string' && currentType === '') {
      currentType = 'string';
    }
    if(typeof(currentType) === 'function') {
      if(!(currentArgument instanceof currentType)) {
        return null;
      }
    } else {
      if(typeof(currentArgument) !== currentType) {
        return null;
      }
    } 
  }
  return [func.apply(this, args)];
}

function FuncPoint(point) {}
function FuncDimension(dimension) {}
function FuncDimensionPoint(dimension, point) {}
function FuncXYWidthHeight(x, y, width, height) { }

function Func() {
  Util.Redirect(arguments, FuncPoint, Point);
  Util.Redirect(arguments, FuncDimension, Dimension);
  Util.Redirect(arguments, FuncDimensionPoint, Dimension, Point);
  Util.Redirect(arguments, FuncXYWidthHeight, 0, 0, 0, 0);
}

Func(new Point());
Func(new Dimension());
Func(new Dimension(), new Point());
Func(0, 0, 0, 0);

最好的方法取决于函数和参数。你的每个选择在不同的情况下都是一个好主意。我通常按照以下顺序尝试这些方法，直到其中一个有效为止:

Using optional arguments like y = y || 'default'. This is convenient if you can do it, but it may not always work practically, e.g. when 0/null/undefined would be a valid argument. Using number of arguments. Similar to the last option but may work when #1 doesn't work. Checking types of arguments. This can work in some cases where the number of arguments is the same. If you can't reliably determine the types, you may need to use different names. Using different names in the first place. You may need to do this if the other options won't work, aren't practical, or for consistency with other related functions.

我不确定最佳实践，但我是这样做的:

/*
 * Object Constructor
 */
var foo = function(x) {
    this.x = x;
};

/*
 * Object Protoype
 */
foo.prototype = {
    /*
     * f is the name that is going to be used to call the various overloaded versions
     */
    f: function() {

        /*
         * Save 'this' in order to use it inside the overloaded functions
         * because there 'this' has a different meaning.
         */   
        var that = this;  

        /* 
         * Define three overloaded functions
         */
        var f1 = function(arg1) {
            console.log("f1 called with " + arg1);
            return arg1 + that.x;
        }

        var f2 = function(arg1, arg2) {
             console.log("f2 called with " + arg1 + " and " + arg2);
             return arg1 + arg2 + that.x;
        }

        var f3 = function(arg1) {
             console.log("f3 called with [" + arg1[0] + ", " + arg1[1] + "]");
             return arg1[0] + arg1[1];
        }

        /*
         * Use the arguments array-like object to decide which function to execute when calling f(...)
         */
        if (arguments.length === 1 && !Array.isArray(arguments[0])) {
            return f1(arguments[0]);
        } else if (arguments.length === 2) {
            return f2(arguments[0], arguments[1]);
        } else if (arguments.length === 1 && Array.isArray(arguments[0])) {
            return f3(arguments[0]);
        }
    } 
}

/* 
 * Instantiate an object
 */
var obj = new foo("z");

/*
 * Call the overloaded functions using f(...)
 */
console.log(obj.f("x"));         // executes f1, returns "xz"
console.log(obj.f("x", "y"));    // executes f2, returns "xyz"
console.log(obj.f(["x", "y"]));  // executes f3, returns "xy"

我正在做一个库，提供类的代码功能，Javascript，目前它支持构造函数，继承，方法重载参数的数量和参数的类型，混合，静态属性和单例。

请参阅使用该库的方法重载示例:

eutsiv.define('My.Class', {
    constructor: function() {
        this.y = 2;
    },
    x: 3,
    sum: function() {
        return this.x + this.y;
    },
    overloads: {
        value: [
            function() { return this.x + ', ' + this.y },
            function(p1) { this.x = p1; },
            function(p1, p2) { this.x = p1; this.y = p2; }  // will set x and y
        ]
    }
});

var test = new My.Class({ x: 5 });   // create the object
test.value();                        // will return '5, 2'
test.sum();                          // will return 7
test.value(13);                      // will set x to 13
test.value();                        // will return '13, 2'
test.sum();                          // will return 15
test.value(10, 20);                  // will set x to 10 and y to 20
test.value();                        // will return '10, 20'
test.sum();                          // will return 30

欢迎任何反馈，bug修复，文档和测试改进!

https://github.com/eutsiv/eutsiv.js

虽然默认参数没有重载，但它可能解决开发人员在这方面面临的一些问题。输入是严格由顺序决定的，你不能重新排序，因为你希望在经典重载:

function transformer(
    firstNumber = 1,
    secondNumber = new Date().getFullYear(),
    transform = function multiply(firstNumber, secondNumber) {
        return firstNumber * secondNumber;
    }
) {
    return transform(firstNumber, secondNumber);
}

console.info(transformer());
console.info(transformer(8));
console.info(transformer(2, 6));
console.info(transformer(undefined, 65));

function add(firstNumber, secondNumber) {
    return firstNumber + secondNumber;
}
console.info(transformer(undefined, undefined, add));
console.info(transformer(3, undefined, add));

结果(2020年):

2020
16160
12
65
2021
2023

更多信息:https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Functions/Default_parameters

所以我真的很喜欢这种做事的方式，这是我在javascript忍者的秘密中发现的

function addMethod(object,name,fn){
  var old = object[name];
  object[name] = function(){
    if (fn.length == arguments.length){
      return fn.apply(this,arguments);
    } else if(typeof old == 'function'){
        return old.apply(this,arguments);
    }
  }
}

然后使用addMethod将重载函数添加到任何对象。对我来说，这段代码中的主要困惑是fn的使用。Length ==参数。长度，这是因为fn。长度是预期参数的数量，而参数。长度是函数实际调用的参数的数量。匿名函数没有参数的原因是你可以在javascript中传入任意数量的参数，并且语言是宽容的。

我喜欢这个，因为你可以在任何地方使用它-只需创建这个函数，并在任何你想要的代码库中简单地使用这个方法。

它还避免了一个大得离谱的if/switch语句，如果您开始编写复杂的代码，它将变得难以阅读(接受的答案将导致这种结果)。

在缺点方面，我想代码一开始有点晦涩……但我不确定其他人?