import pandas as pd

# Define a dictionary containing data
data = {'a': [0,0,0.671399,0.446172,0,0.614758],
    'b': [0,0,0.101208,-0.243316,0,0.075793],
    'c': [0,0,-0.181532,0.051767,0,-0.451460],
    'd': [0,0,0.241273,1.577318,0,-0.012493]}

# Convert the dictionary into DataFrame
df = pd.DataFrame(data)

# Declare a list that is to be converted into a column
col_e = [-0.335485,-1.166658,-0.385571,0,0,0]


df['e'] = col_e

# add column 'e'
df['e'] = col_e

# Observe the result
df

直接通过NumPy这样做将是最有效的:

df1['e'] = np.random.randn(sLength)

注意我最初(非常老)的建议是使用map(这要慢得多):

df1['e'] = df1['a'].map(lambda x: np.random.random())

如果你只需要创建一个新的空列，那么最短的解决方案是:

df.loc[:, 'e'] = pd.Series()

我想添加一个新的列，'e'，到现有的数据帧，不改变数据帧中的任何东西。(序列总是与数据帧的长度相同。)

我假设e中的下标值与df1中的下标值匹配。

初始化一个名为e的新列，并将级数e中的值赋给它的最简单方法:

df['e'] = e.values

分配(熊猫0.16.0+)

从Pandas 0.16.0开始，你还可以使用assign，它将新列分配给DataFrame，并返回一个新对象(副本)，其中包含所有原始列和新列。

df1 = df1.assign(e=e.values)

根据这个例子(也包括assign函数的源代码)，你也可以包含多个列:

df = pd.DataFrame({'a': [1, 2], 'b': [3, 4]})
>>> df.assign(mean_a=df.a.mean(), mean_b=df.b.mean())
   a  b  mean_a  mean_b
0  1  3     1.5     3.5
1  2  4     1.5     3.5

在你的例子中:

np.random.seed(0)
df1 = pd.DataFrame(np.random.randn(10, 4), columns=['a', 'b', 'c', 'd'])
mask = df1.applymap(lambda x: x <-0.7)
df1 = df1[-mask.any(axis=1)]
sLength = len(df1['a'])
e = pd.Series(np.random.randn(sLength))

>>> df1
          a         b         c         d
0  1.764052  0.400157  0.978738  2.240893
2 -0.103219  0.410599  0.144044  1.454274
3  0.761038  0.121675  0.443863  0.333674
7  1.532779  1.469359  0.154947  0.378163
9  1.230291  1.202380 -0.387327 -0.302303

>>> e
0   -1.048553
1   -1.420018
2   -1.706270
3    1.950775
4   -0.509652
dtype: float64

df1 = df1.assign(e=e.values)

>>> df1
          a         b         c         d         e
0  1.764052  0.400157  0.978738  2.240893 -1.048553
2 -0.103219  0.410599  0.144044  1.454274 -1.420018
3  0.761038  0.121675  0.443863  0.333674 -1.706270
7  1.532779  1.469359  0.154947  0.378163  1.950775
9  1.230291  1.202380 -0.387327 -0.302303 -0.509652

这个新特性首次引入时的描述可以在这里找到。

我得到了可怕的SettingWithCopyWarning，它没有通过使用iloc语法修复。我的DataFrame是由read_sql从ODBC源创建的。根据上面low - tech的建议，以下方法对我来说是有效的:

df.insert(len(df.columns), 'e', pd.Series(np.random.randn(sLength),  index=df.index))

This worked fine to insert the column at the end. I don't know if it is the most efficient, but I don't like warning messages. I think there is a better solution, but I can't find it, and I think it depends on some aspect of the index. Note. That this only works once and will give an error message if trying to overwrite and existing column. Note As above and from 0.16.0 assign is the best solution. See documentation http://pandas.pydata.org/pandas-docs/stable/generated/pandas.DataFrame.assign.html#pandas.DataFrame.assign Works well for data flow type where you don't overwrite your intermediate values.

要在数据帧的给定位置(0 <= loc <=列的数量)插入一个新列，只需使用datafframe .insert:

DataFrame.insert(loc, column, value)

因此，如果你想在一个名为df的数据帧的末尾添加列e，你可以使用:

e = [-0.335485, -1.166658, -0.385571]    
DataFrame.insert(loc=len(df.columns), column='e', value=e)

value可以是一个Series，一个整数(在这种情况下，所有单元格都被这个值填充)，或者一个类似数组的结构

https://pandas.pydata.org/pandas-docs/stable/reference/api/pandas.DataFrame.insert.html