在Microsoft SQL Server如何获得查询/存储过程的查询执行计划?
当前回答
在SQL Server Management Studio:
“Ctrl + M”将生成实际执行计划
“Ctrl + L”将生成估计执行计划
“Shift + Alt + S”为客户端统计
“Ctrl + Alt + P”用于SQL Server Profiler中的跟踪查询。
其他回答
查询计划可以通过query_post_execution_showplan事件从扩展事件会话中获得。下面是一个XEvent会话示例:
/*
Generated via "Query Detail Tracking" template.
*/
CREATE EVENT SESSION [GetExecutionPlan] ON SERVER
ADD EVENT sqlserver.query_post_execution_showplan(
ACTION(package0.event_sequence,sqlserver.plan_handle,sqlserver.query_hash,sqlserver.query_plan_hash,sqlserver.session_id,sqlserver.sql_text,sqlserver.tsql_frame,sqlserver.tsql_stack)),
/* Remove any of the following events (or include additional events) as desired. */
ADD EVENT sqlserver.error_reported(
ACTION(package0.event_sequence,sqlserver.client_app_name,sqlserver.database_id,sqlserver.plan_handle,sqlserver.query_hash,sqlserver.query_plan_hash,sqlserver.session_id,sqlserver.sql_text,sqlserver.tsql_frame,sqlserver.tsql_stack)
WHERE ([package0].[greater_than_uint64]([sqlserver].[database_id],(4)) AND [package0].[equal_boolean]([sqlserver].[is_system],(0)))),
ADD EVENT sqlserver.module_end(SET collect_statement=(1)
ACTION(package0.event_sequence,sqlserver.client_app_name,sqlserver.database_id,sqlserver.plan_handle,sqlserver.query_hash,sqlserver.query_plan_hash,sqlserver.session_id,sqlserver.sql_text,sqlserver.tsql_frame,sqlserver.tsql_stack)
WHERE ([package0].[greater_than_uint64]([sqlserver].[database_id],(4)) AND [package0].[equal_boolean]([sqlserver].[is_system],(0)))),
ADD EVENT sqlserver.rpc_completed(
ACTION(package0.event_sequence,sqlserver.client_app_name,sqlserver.database_id,sqlserver.plan_handle,sqlserver.query_hash,sqlserver.query_plan_hash,sqlserver.session_id,sqlserver.sql_text,sqlserver.tsql_frame,sqlserver.tsql_stack)
WHERE ([package0].[greater_than_uint64]([sqlserver].[database_id],(4)) AND [package0].[equal_boolean]([sqlserver].[is_system],(0)))),
ADD EVENT sqlserver.sp_statement_completed(SET collect_object_name=(1)
ACTION(package0.event_sequence,sqlserver.client_app_name,sqlserver.database_id,sqlserver.plan_handle,sqlserver.query_hash,sqlserver.query_plan_hash,sqlserver.session_id,sqlserver.sql_text,sqlserver.tsql_frame,sqlserver.tsql_stack)
WHERE ([package0].[greater_than_uint64]([sqlserver].[database_id],(4)) AND [package0].[equal_boolean]([sqlserver].[is_system],(0)))),
ADD EVENT sqlserver.sql_batch_completed(
ACTION(package0.event_sequence,sqlserver.client_app_name,sqlserver.database_id,sqlserver.plan_handle,sqlserver.query_hash,sqlserver.query_plan_hash,sqlserver.session_id,sqlserver.sql_text,sqlserver.tsql_frame,sqlserver.tsql_stack)
WHERE ([package0].[greater_than_uint64]([sqlserver].[database_id],(4)) AND [package0].[equal_boolean]([sqlserver].[is_system],(0)))),
ADD EVENT sqlserver.sql_statement_completed(
ACTION(package0.event_sequence,sqlserver.client_app_name,sqlserver.database_id,sqlserver.plan_handle,sqlserver.query_hash,sqlserver.query_plan_hash,sqlserver.session_id,sqlserver.sql_text,sqlserver.tsql_frame,sqlserver.tsql_stack)
WHERE ([package0].[greater_than_uint64]([sqlserver].[database_id],(4)) AND [package0].[equal_boolean]([sqlserver].[is_system],(0))))
ADD TARGET package0.ring_buffer
WITH (MAX_MEMORY=4096 KB,EVENT_RETENTION_MODE=ALLOW_SINGLE_EVENT_LOSS,MAX_DISPATCH_LATENCY=30 SECONDS,MAX_EVENT_SIZE=0 KB,MEMORY_PARTITION_MODE=NONE,TRACK_CAUSALITY=ON,STARTUP_STATE=OFF)
GO
创建会话后，(在SSMS中)转到对象资源管理器并深入到管理|扩展事件|会话。右键单击“GetExecutionPlan”会话并启动它。再次右键选择“观看实时数据”。
接下来，打开一个新的查询窗口并运行一个或多个查询。以下是AdventureWorks的一个例子:
USE AdventureWorks;
GO
SELECT p.Name AS ProductName,
NonDiscountSales = (OrderQty * UnitPrice),
Discounts = ((OrderQty * UnitPrice) * UnitPriceDiscount)
FROM Production.Product AS p
INNER JOIN Sales.SalesOrderDetail AS sod
ON p.ProductID = sod.ProductID
ORDER BY ProductName DESC;
GO
过一会儿，您应该在“GetExecutionPlan: Live Data”选项卡中看到一些结果。单击网格中的query_post_execution_showplan事件之一，然后单击网格下面的“Query Plan”选项卡。它应该看起来像这样:
编辑:XEvent代码和屏幕截图是从SQL/SSMS 2012 w/ SP2生成的。如果您使用的是SQL 2008/R2，则可以调整脚本以使其运行。但那个版本没有GUI，所以你需要提取showplan XML，保存为*。并在SSMS中打开。这是麻烦的。XEvents在SQL 2005或更早的版本中并不存在。所以，如果你没有使用SQL 2012或更高版本，我强烈建议你使用这里发布的其他答案之一。
从SQL Server 2016+开始，引入了查询存储功能来监控性能。它提供了对查询计划选择和性能的洞察。 它并不是跟踪或扩展事件的完全替代，但随着它从一个版本到另一个版本的发展，我们可能会在SQL Server的未来版本中得到一个功能齐全的查询存储。 查询存储的主要流程
SQL Server existing components interact with query store by utilising Query Store Manager. Query Store Manager determines which Store should be used and then passes execution to that store (Plan or Runtime Stats or Query Wait Stats) Plan Store - Persisting the execution plan information Runtime Stats Store - Persisting the execution statistics information Query Wait Stats Store - Persisting wait statistics information. Plan, Runtime Stats and Wait store uses Query Store as an extension to SQL Server.
Enabling the Query Store: Query Store works at the database level on the server. Query Store is not active for new databases by default. You cannot enable the query store for the master or tempdb database. Available DMV sys.database_query_store_options (Transact-SQL) Collect Information in the Query Store: We collect all the available information from the three stores using Query Store DMV (Data Management Views). Query Plan Store: Persisting the execution plan information and it is accountable for capturing all information that is related to query compilation. sys.query_store_query (Transact-SQL) sys.query_store_plan (Transact-SQL) sys.query_store_query_text (Transact-SQL) Runtime Stats Store: Persisting the execution statistics information and it is probably the most frequently updated store. These statistics represent query execution data. sys.query_store_runtime_stats (Transact-SQL) Query Wait Stats Store: Persisting and capturing wait statistics information. sys.query_store_wait_stats (Transact-SQL)
注意:查询等待统计数据存储仅在SQL Server 2017+中可用
您也可以通过powershell使用SET STATISTICS XML ON来获得实际的计划。我写它是为了将多语句计划合并为一个计划;
########## BEGIN : SCRIPT VARIABLES #####################
[string]$server = '.\MySQLServer'
[string]$database = 'MyDatabase'
[string]$sqlCommand = 'EXEC sp_ExampleSproc'
[string]$XMLOutputFileName = 'sp_ExampleSproc'
[string]$XMLOutputPath = 'C:\SQLDumps\ActualPlans\'
########## END : SCRIPT VARIABLES #####################
#Set up connection
$connectionString = "Persist Security Info=False;Integrated Security=true;Connection Timeout=0;Initial Catalog=$database;Server=$server"
$connection = new-object system.data.SqlClient.SQLConnection($connectionString)
#Set up commands
$command = new-object system.data.sqlclient.sqlcommand($sqlCommand,$connection)
$command.CommandTimeout = 0
$commandXMLActPlanOn = new-object system.data.sqlclient.sqlcommand("SET STATISTICS XML ON",$connection)
$commandXMLActPlanOff = new-object system.data.sqlclient.sqlcommand("SET STATISTICS XML OFF",$connection)
$connection.Open()
#Enable session XML plan
$result = $commandXMLActPlanOn.ExecuteNonQuery()
#Execute SP and return resultsets into a dataset
$adapter = New-Object System.Data.sqlclient.sqlDataAdapter $command
$dataset = New-Object System.Data.DataSet
$adapter.Fill($dataSet) | Out-Null
#Set up output file name and path
[string]$fileNameDateStamp = get-date -f yyyyMMdd_HHmmss
[string]$XMLOutputFilePath = "$XMLOutputPath$XMLOutputFileName`_$fileNameDateStamp.sqlplan"
#Pull XML plans out of dataset and merge into one multi-statement plan
[int]$cntr = 1
ForEach($table in $dataset.Tables)
{
if($table.Columns[0].ColumnName -eq "Microsoft SQL Server 2005 XML Showplan")
{
[string]$fullXMLPlan = $Table.rows[0]."Microsoft SQL Server 2005 XML Showplan"
if($cntr -eq 1)
{
[regex]$rx = "\<ShowPlanXML xmlns\=.{1,}\<Statements\>"
[string]$startXMLPlan = $rx.Match($fullXMLPlan).Value
[regex]$rx = "\<\/Statements\>.{1,}\<\/ShowPlanXML\>"
[string]$endXMLPlan = $rx.Match($fullXMLPlan).Value
$startXMLPlan | out-file -Append -FilePath $XMLOutputFilePath
}
[regex]$rx = "\<StmtSimple.{1,}\<\/StmtSimple\>"
[string]$bodyXMLPlan = $rx.Match($fullXMLPlan).Value
$bodyXMLPlan | out-file -Append -FilePath $XMLOutputFilePath
$cntr += 1
}
}
$endXMLPlan | out-file -Append -FilePath $XMLOutputFilePath
#Disable session XML plan
$result = $commandXMLActPlanOff.ExecuteNonQuery()
$connection.Close()
我最喜欢的获取和深入分析查询执行计划的工具是SQL Sentry Plan Explorer。它在执行计划的细节分析和可视化方面比SSMS更加人性化、方便和全面。
下面是一个示例屏幕截图，让你了解这个工具提供了什么功能:
它只是工具中可用的视图之一。注意应用程序窗口底部的一组选项卡，它可以让你获得不同类型的执行计划表示以及有用的附加信息。
此外，我还没有发现它的免费版有任何限制，会阻止你每天使用它，或者迫使你最终购买专业版。所以，如果你更喜欢使用免费版，没有什么能阻止你这么做。
除了已经发布的综合答案之外，有时能够以编程方式访问执行计划以提取信息也是有用的。下面是示例代码。
DECLARE @TraceID INT
EXEC StartCapture @@SPID, @TraceID OUTPUT
EXEC sp_help 'sys.objects' /*<-- Call your stored proc of interest here.*/
EXEC StopCapture @TraceID
StartCapture定义
CREATE PROCEDURE StartCapture
@Spid INT,
@TraceID INT OUTPUT
AS
DECLARE @maxfilesize BIGINT = 5
DECLARE @filepath NVARCHAR(200) = N'C:\trace_' + LEFT(NEWID(),36)
EXEC sp_trace_create @TraceID OUTPUT, 0, @filepath, @maxfilesize, NULL
exec sp_trace_setevent @TraceID, 122, 1, 1
exec sp_trace_setevent @TraceID, 122, 22, 1
exec sp_trace_setevent @TraceID, 122, 34, 1
exec sp_trace_setevent @TraceID, 122, 51, 1
exec sp_trace_setevent @TraceID, 122, 12, 1
-- filter for spid
EXEC sp_trace_setfilter @TraceID, 12, 0, 0, @Spid
-- start the trace
EXEC sp_trace_setstatus @TraceID, 1
停止捕获定义
CREATE PROCEDURE StopCapture
@TraceID INT
AS
WITH XMLNAMESPACES ('http://schemas.microsoft.com/sqlserver/2004/07/showplan' as sql),
CTE
as (SELECT CAST(TextData AS VARCHAR(MAX)) AS TextData,
ObjectID,
ObjectName,
EventSequence,
/*costs accumulate up the tree so the MAX should be the root*/
MAX(EstimatedTotalSubtreeCost) AS EstimatedTotalSubtreeCost
FROM fn_trace_getinfo(@TraceID) fn
CROSS APPLY fn_trace_gettable(CAST(value AS NVARCHAR(200)), 1)
CROSS APPLY (SELECT CAST(TextData AS XML) AS xPlan) x
CROSS APPLY (SELECT T.relop.value('@EstimatedTotalSubtreeCost',
'float') AS EstimatedTotalSubtreeCost
FROM xPlan.nodes('//sql:RelOp') T(relop)) ca
WHERE property = 2
AND TextData IS NOT NULL
AND ObjectName not in ( 'StopCapture', 'fn_trace_getinfo' )
GROUP BY CAST(TextData AS VARCHAR(MAX)),
ObjectID,
ObjectName,
EventSequence)
SELECT ObjectName,
SUM(EstimatedTotalSubtreeCost) AS EstimatedTotalSubtreeCost
FROM CTE
GROUP BY ObjectID,
ObjectName
-- Stop the trace
EXEC sp_trace_setstatus @TraceID, 0
-- Close and delete the trace
EXEC sp_trace_setstatus @TraceID, 2
GO
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