SQL Server中的函数与存储过程

在SQL中什么时候应该使用函数而不是存储过程，反之亦然?每一个的目的是什么?

当前回答

STORE PROCEDURE	FUNCTION (USER DEFINED FUNCTION)
Procedure can return 0, single or multiple values	Function can return only single value
Procedure can have input, output parameters	Function can have only input parameters
Procedure cannot be called from a function	Functions can be called from procedure
Procedure allows select as well as DML statement in it	Function allows only select statement in it
Exception can be handled by try-catch block in a procedure	Try-catch block cannot be used in a function
We can go for transaction management in procedure	We can not go for transaction management in function
Procedure cannot be utilized in a select statement	Function can be embedded in a select statement
Procedure can affect the state of database means it can perform CRUD operation on database	Function can not affect the state of database means it can not perform CRUD operation on database
Procedure can use temporary tables	Function can not use temporary tables
Procedure can alter the server environment parameters	Function can not alter the environment parameters
Procedure can use when we want instead is to group a possibly- complex set of SQL statements	Function can use when we want to compute and return a value for use in other SQL statements

其他回答

函数是计算值，不能对SQL Server执行永久的环境更改(即不允许INSERT或UPDATE语句)。

如果函数返回标量值，则可以在SQL语句中使用它;如果函数返回结果集，则可以连接它。

从总结答案的评论中，有一点值得注意。感谢@Sean K Anderson:

函数遵循计算机科学的定义，即它们必须返回一个值，并且不能更改作为参数接收的数据 (论点)。函数不允许改变任何东西，必须至少有一个参数，并且它们必须返回一个值。存储 Procs不需要有参数，可以改变数据库对象，并且不需要返回值。

下面是一个总结差异的表格:

	Stored Procedure	Function
Returns	Zero or more values	A single value (which may be a scalar or a table)
Can use transaction?	Yes	No
Can output to parameters?	Yes	No
Can call each other?	Can call a function	Cannot call a stored procedure
Usable in SELECT, WHERE and HAVING statements?	No	Yes
Supports exception handling (via try/catch)?	Yes	No

用户定义函数是sql server程序员可用的重要工具。您可以像这样在SQL语句中内联使用它

SELECT a, lookupValue(b), c FROM customers

其中lookupValue将是UDF。这种功能在使用存储过程时是不可能实现的。同时，您不能在UDF中做某些事情。这里要记住的基本事情是UDF的:

不能产生永久的变化无法更改数据

存储过程可以做这些事情。

对我来说，UDF的内联使用是UDF最重要的使用。

从返回单个值的函数开始。这样做的好处是，您可以将经常使用的代码放入函数中，并将它们作为结果集中的列返回。

然后，可以使用一个函数来表示参数化的城市列表。getcitiesin ("NY")返回一个可以用作连接的表。

这是一种组织代码的方式。知道什么时候是可重用的，什么时候是浪费时间，只有通过试验、错误和经验才能获得。

此外，函数在SQL Server中也是一个好主意。它们速度更快，功能也相当强大。内联和直接选择。注意不要过度使用。

STORE PROCEDURE	FUNCTION (USER DEFINED FUNCTION)
Procedure can return 0, single or multiple values	Function can return only single value
Procedure can have input, output parameters	Function can have only input parameters
Procedure cannot be called from a function	Functions can be called from procedure
Procedure allows select as well as DML statement in it	Function allows only select statement in it
Exception can be handled by try-catch block in a procedure	Try-catch block cannot be used in a function
We can go for transaction management in procedure	We can not go for transaction management in function
Procedure cannot be utilized in a select statement	Function can be embedded in a select statement
Procedure can affect the state of database means it can perform CRUD operation on database	Function can not affect the state of database means it can not perform CRUD operation on database
Procedure can use temporary tables	Function can not use temporary tables
Procedure can alter the server environment parameters	Function can not alter the environment parameters
Procedure can use when we want instead is to group a possibly- complex set of SQL statements	Function can use when we want to compute and return a value for use in other SQL statements

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