如果JavaScript中未定义变量,最合适的测试方法是什么?

我见过几种可能的方法:

if (window.myVariable)

Or

if (typeof(myVariable) != "undefined")

Or

if (myVariable) // This throws an error if undefined. Should this be in Try/Catch?

当前回答

// x has not been defined before
if (typeof x === 'undefined') { // Evaluates to true without errors.
   // These statements execute.
}

if (x === undefined) { // Throws a ReferenceError

}

其他回答

    var x;
    if (x === undefined) {
        alert ("I am declared, but not defined.")
    };
    if (typeof y === "undefined") {
        alert ("I am not even declared.")
    };

    /* One more thing to understand: typeof ==='undefined' also checks 
       for if a variable is declared, but no value is assigned. In other 
       words, the variable is declared, but not defined. */

    // Will repeat above logic of x for typeof === 'undefined'
    if (x === undefined) {
        alert ("I am declared, but not defined.")
    };
    /* So typeof === 'undefined' works for both, but x === undefined 
       only works for a variable which is at least declared. */

    /* Say if I try using typeof === undefined (not in quotes) for 
       a variable which is not even declared, we will get run a 
       time error. */

    if (z === undefined) {
        alert ("I am neither declared nor defined.")
    };
    // I got this error for z ReferenceError: z is not defined 

如果未定义,它将不等于包含字符“undefined”的字符串,因为该字符串未定义。

您可以检查变量的类型:

if (typeof(something) != "undefined") ...

有时你甚至不必检查类型。如果变量的值在设置时不能求值为false(例如,如果它是一个函数),那么可以只对变量求值。例子:

if (something) {
  something(param);
}
if (typeof foo == 'undefined') {
 // Do something
};

注意,在这种情况下不需要严格比较(!==),因为typeof将始终返回字符串。

2020年更新

我倾向于检查类型(即,可以重新定义未定义的)的原因之一与ECMAScript 5的大量采用无关。另一个,你可以使用typeof来检查未声明变量的类型,总是小众的。因此,我现在建议在大多数情况下使用直接比较:

myVariable === undefined

2010年的原始答案

我喜欢使用typeof。当变量从未声明时,它将起作用,这与使用if.与==或==运算符或类型强制进行的任何比较不同(undefined,与null不同,也可能在ECMAScript 3环境中重新定义,这使得它不可靠,尽管现在几乎所有常见环境都符合ECMAScript5或更高版本)。

if (typeof someUndeclaredVariable == "undefined") {
    // Works
}

if (someUndeclaredVariable === undefined) { 
    // Throws an error
}
// x has not been defined before
if (typeof x === 'undefined') { // Evaluates to true without errors.
   // These statements execute.
}

if (x === undefined) { // Throws a ReferenceError

}