import netifaces as ni 

ni.ifaddresses('eth0')
ip = ni.ifaddresses('eth0')[ni.AF_INET][0]['addr']
print(ip)

这将返回你的IP地址在Ubuntu系统和MacOS。输出将是系统IP地址，如我的IP: 192.168.1.10。

如果计算机有到Internet的路由，即使/etc/hosts没有正确设置，这也将始终工作以获得首选的本地ip地址。

import socket

s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_DGRAM)
s.connect(('8.8.8.8', 1))  # connect() for UDP doesn't send packets
local_ip_address = s.getsockname()[0]

稍微改进了使用IP命令的命令版本，并返回IPv4和IPv6地址:

import commands,re,socket

#A generator that returns stripped lines of output from "ip address show"
iplines=(line.strip() for line in commands.getoutput("ip address show").split('\n'))

#Turn that into a list of IPv4 and IPv6 address/mask strings
addresses1=reduce(lambda a,v:a+v,(re.findall(r"inet ([\d.]+/\d+)",line)+re.findall(r"inet6 ([\:\da-f]+/\d+)",line) for line in iplines))
#addresses1 now looks like ['127.0.0.1/8', '::1/128', '10.160.114.60/23', 'fe80::1031:3fff:fe00:6dce/64']

#Get a list of IPv4 addresses as (IPstring,subnetsize) tuples
ipv4s=[(ip,int(subnet)) for ip,subnet in (addr.split('/') for addr in addresses1 if '.' in addr)]
#ipv4s now looks like [('127.0.0.1', 8), ('10.160.114.60', 23)]

#Get IPv6 addresses
ipv6s=[(ip,int(subnet)) for ip,subnet in (addr.split('/') for addr in addresses1 if ':' in addr)]

对于linux，你可以使用hostname -I system命令的check_output，就像这样:

from subprocess import check_output
check_output(['hostname', '-I'])

import netifaces as ni 

ni.ifaddresses('eth0')
ip = ni.ifaddresses('eth0')[ni.AF_INET][0]['addr']
print(ip)

这将返回你的IP地址在Ubuntu系统和MacOS。输出将是系统IP地址，如我的IP: 192.168.1.10。

这不是很Pythonic，但它在Windows上可靠地工作。

def getWinIP(version = 'IPv4'):
    import subprocess
    if version not in ['IPv4', 'IPv6']:
        print 'error - protocol version must be "IPv4" or "IPv6"'
        return None
    ipconfig = subprocess.check_output('ipconfig')
    my_ip = []
    for line in ipconfig.split('\n'):
        if 'Address' in line and version in line:
            my_ip.append(line.split(' : ')[1].strip())
    return my_ip

print getWinIP()

是的，这是一种黑客行为，但有时我不想事后怀疑操作系统，直接使用内置的和有效的操作系统就行了。