import socket
socket.gethostbyname(socket.getfqdn())

Netifaces可通过PIP和easy_install获得。(我知道，它不在基础，但它可能值得安装。)

Netifaces在不同平台上确实有一些奇怪之处:

localhost/loop-back接口可能并不总是包含在内(Cygwin)。 地址按协议列出(例如IPv4, IPv6)，协议按接口列出。在某些系统(Linux)上，每个协议-接口对都有自己的关联接口(使用interface_name:n表示法)，而在其他系统(Windows)上，单个接口将有每个协议的地址列表。在这两种情况下都有一个协议列表，但它可能只包含一个元素。

下面是一些netifaces代码:

import netifaces

PROTO = netifaces.AF_INET   # We want only IPv4, for now at least

# Get list of network interfaces
# Note: Can't filter for 'lo' here because Windows lacks it.
ifaces = netifaces.interfaces()

# Get all addresses (of all kinds) for each interface
if_addrs = [netifaces.ifaddresses(iface) for iface in ifaces]

# Filter for the desired address type
if_inet_addrs = [addr[PROTO] for addr in if_addrs if PROTO in addr]

iface_addrs = [s['addr'] for a in if_inet_addrs for s in a if 'addr' in s]
# Can filter for '127.0.0.1' here.

上面的代码没有将地址映射回接口名(对于动态生成ebtables/iptables规则很有用)。所以这里有一个版本，它将上述信息和接口名称保存在一个元组中:

import netifaces

PROTO = netifaces.AF_INET   # We want only IPv4, for now at least

# Get list of network interfaces
ifaces = netifaces.interfaces()

# Get addresses for each interface
if_addrs = [(netifaces.ifaddresses(iface), iface) for iface in ifaces]

# Filter for only IPv4 addresses
if_inet_addrs = [(tup[0][PROTO], tup[1]) for tup in if_addrs if PROTO in tup[0]]

iface_addrs = [(s['addr'], tup[1]) for tup in if_inet_addrs for s in tup[0] if 'addr' in s]

而且，不，我不喜欢列表理解。这些天我的大脑就是这么运转的。

下面的代码段将全部打印出来:

from __future__ import print_function  # For 2.x folks
from pprint import pprint as pp

print('\nifaces = ', end='')
pp(ifaces)

print('\nif_addrs = ', end='')
pp(if_addrs)

print('\nif_inet_addrs = ', end='')
pp(if_inet_addrs)

print('\niface_addrs = ', end='')
pp(iface_addrs)

享受吧!

你可以在GNU/Linux上使用命令“ip route”来知道你当前的ip地址。

这显示了运行在路由器/调制解调器上的DHCP服务器给接口的IP地址。通常“192.168.1.1/24”是本地网络的IP地址，其中“24”是DHCP服务器在掩码范围内可能提供的IP地址范围。

这里有一个例子:请注意，PyNotify只是一个补充，以阐明我的观点，根本不是必需的

#! /usr/bin/env python

import sys , pynotify

if sys.version_info[1] != 7:
   raise RuntimeError('Python 2.7 And Above Only')       

from subprocess import check_output # Available on Python 2.7+ | N/A 

IP = check_output(['ip', 'route'])
Split_Result = IP.split()

# print Split_Result[2] # Remove "#" to enable

pynotify.init("image")
notify = pynotify.Notification("Ip", "Server Running At:" + Split_Result[2] , "/home/User/wireless.png")    
notify.show()    

这样做的好处是您不需要指定网络接口。这在运行套接字服务器时非常有用

你可以使用easy_install甚至Pip安装PyNotify:

easy_install py-notify

or

pip install py-notify

或者在python脚本/解释器中

from pip import main

main(['install', 'py-notify'])

另一个变体的前面的答案，可以保存到一个名为my-ip-to的可执行脚本:

#!/usr/bin/env python

import sys, socket

if len(sys.argv) > 1:
    for remote_host in sys.argv[1:]:
        # determine local host ip by outgoing test to another host
        # use port 9 (discard protocol - RFC 863) over UDP4
        with socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_DGRAM) as s:
            s.connect((remote_host, 9))
            my_ip = s.getsockname()[0]
            print(my_ip, flush=True)
else:
    import platform

    my_name = platform.node()
    my_ip = socket.gethostbyname(my_name)
    print(my_ip)

它需要任意数量的远程主机，并打印出本地ip，逐个到达它们:

$ my-ip-to z.cn g.cn localhost
192.168.11.102
192.168.11.102
127.0.0.1
$

并在没有给出arg时打印best-bet。

$ my-ip-to
192.168.11.102

import socket
socket.gethostbyname(socket.gethostname())

这并不总是有效(在/etc/hosts主机名为127.0.0.1的机器上返回127.0.0.1)，gimel显示的是一个缓和的方法，使用socket.getfqdn()代替。当然，您的机器需要一个可解析的主机名。

Socket API方法

参见https://stackoverflow.com/a/28950776/711085

缺点:

Not cross-platform. Requires more fallback code, tied to existence of particular addresses on the internet This will also not work if you're behind a NAT Probably creates a UDP connection, not independent of (usually ISP's) DNS availability (see other answers for ideas like using 8.8.8.8: Google's (coincidentally also DNS) server) Make sure you make the destination address UNREACHABLE, like a numeric IP address that is spec-guaranteed to be unused. Do NOT use some domain like fakesubdomain.google.com or somefakewebsite.com; you'll still be spamming that party (now or in the future), and spamming your own network boxes as well in the process.

反射器方法

(请注意，这并没有回答OP的本地IP地址问题，例如192.168…;它会给你你的公共IP地址，根据用例，这可能更可取。)

你可以查询一些网站，如whatismyip.com(但有一个API)，例如:

from urllib.request import urlopen
import re
def getPublicIp():
    data = str(urlopen('http://checkip.dyndns.com/').read())
    # data = '<html><head><title>Current IP Check</title></head><body>Current IP Address: 65.96.168.198</body></html>\r\n'

    return re.compile(r'Address: (\d+\.\d+\.\d+\.\d+)').search(data).group(1)

或者如果使用python2:

from urllib import urlopen
import re
def getPublicIp():
    data = str(urlopen('http://checkip.dyndns.com/').read())
    # data = '<html><head><title>Current IP Check</title></head><body>Current IP Address: 65.96.168.198</body></html>\r\n'

    return re.compile(r'Address: (\d+\.\d+\.\d+\.\d+)').search(data).group(1)

优点:

这种方法的一个优点是它是跨平台的 它从丑陋的nat(例如你的家用路由器)后面工作。

缺点(和变通方法):

要求网站正常运行，格式不变(几乎肯定不会)，DNS服务器正常工作。在失败的情况下，还可以通过查询其他第三方IP地址反射器来缓解这个问题。 如果您不查询多个反射器(以防止一个受损害的反射器告诉您您的地址不是某个东西)，或者如果您不使用HTTPS(以防止假装是服务器的中间人攻击)，则可能的攻击向量

edit: Though initially I thought these methods were really bad (unless you use many fallbacks, the code may be irrelevant many years from now), it does pose the question "what is the internet?". A computer may have many interfaces pointing to many different networks. For a more thorough description of the topic, google for gateways and routes. A computer may be able to access an internal network via an internal gateway, or access the world-wide web via a gateway on for example a router (usually the case). The local IP address that the OP asks about is only well-defined with respect to a single link layer, so you have to specify that ("is it the network card, or the ethernet cable, which we're talking about?"). There may be multiple non-unique answers to this question as posed. However the global IP address on the world-wide web is probably well-defined (in the absence of massive network fragmentation): probably the return path via the gateway which can access the TLDs.