使用新引入的asyncio包的Python 3.4版本。

async def get_local_ip():
    loop = asyncio.get_event_loop()
    transport, protocol = await loop.create_datagram_endpoint(
        asyncio.DatagramProtocol,
        remote_addr=('8.8.8.8', 80))
    result = transport.get_extra_info('sockname')[0]
    transport.close()
    return result

这是基于UnkwnTech的精彩回答。

此方法返回本地盒子上的“主”IP(具有默认路由的IP)。

不需要可路由的网络访问或任何连接。 即使所有接口都从网络断开，也能正常工作。 不需要甚至不尝试去其他地方。 工作与NAT，公共，私有，外部和内部IP 没有外部依赖的纯Python 2(或3)。 支持Linux、Windows和OSX。

Python 3或2:

    import socket
    def get_ip():
        s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_DGRAM)
        s.settimeout(0)
        try:
            # doesn't even have to be reachable
            s.connect(('10.254.254.254', 1))
            IP = s.getsockname()[0]
        except Exception:
            IP = '127.0.0.1'
        finally:
            s.close()
        return IP
    print(get_ip())

这将返回一个主IP(具有默认路由的IP)。如果您需要将所有IP附加到所有接口(包括localhost等)，请参见类似这样的回答。

如果你在一个NAT防火墙后面，比如你家里的wifi路由器，那么这将不会显示你的公共NAT IP，而是显示你在本地网络上的私有IP，它有一个默认路由到你的本地wifi路由器。如果你需要外部IP:

在那个外部设备(wifi路由器)上运行这个功能，或者 连接到外部服务(如https://www.ipify.org/)，可以反射从外部世界看到的IP

．.． 但这些想法与最初的问题完全不同。：）

恐怕除了连接到另一台计算机并让它把你的IP地址发送给你之外，没有任何好的独立于平台的方法来做到这一点。例如:findmyipaddress。注意，如果你需要一个NAT后的IP地址，除非你所连接的计算机也是NAT后的IP地址，这是行不通的。

下面是一个适用于Linux的解决方案:获取与网络接口关联的IP地址。

[仅限Windows]如果您不想使用外部包，也不想依赖外部Internet服务器，这可能会有所帮助。这是一个代码样本，我在谷歌代码搜索和修改返回所需的信息:

def getIPAddresses():
    from ctypes import Structure, windll, sizeof
    from ctypes import POINTER, byref
    from ctypes import c_ulong, c_uint, c_ubyte, c_char
    MAX_ADAPTER_DESCRIPTION_LENGTH = 128
    MAX_ADAPTER_NAME_LENGTH = 256
    MAX_ADAPTER_ADDRESS_LENGTH = 8
    class IP_ADDR_STRING(Structure):
        pass
    LP_IP_ADDR_STRING = POINTER(IP_ADDR_STRING)
    IP_ADDR_STRING._fields_ = [
        ("next", LP_IP_ADDR_STRING),
        ("ipAddress", c_char * 16),
        ("ipMask", c_char * 16),
        ("context", c_ulong)]
    class IP_ADAPTER_INFO (Structure):
        pass
    LP_IP_ADAPTER_INFO = POINTER(IP_ADAPTER_INFO)
    IP_ADAPTER_INFO._fields_ = [
        ("next", LP_IP_ADAPTER_INFO),
        ("comboIndex", c_ulong),
        ("adapterName", c_char * (MAX_ADAPTER_NAME_LENGTH + 4)),
        ("description", c_char * (MAX_ADAPTER_DESCRIPTION_LENGTH + 4)),
        ("addressLength", c_uint),
        ("address", c_ubyte * MAX_ADAPTER_ADDRESS_LENGTH),
        ("index", c_ulong),
        ("type", c_uint),
        ("dhcpEnabled", c_uint),
        ("currentIpAddress", LP_IP_ADDR_STRING),
        ("ipAddressList", IP_ADDR_STRING),
        ("gatewayList", IP_ADDR_STRING),
        ("dhcpServer", IP_ADDR_STRING),
        ("haveWins", c_uint),
        ("primaryWinsServer", IP_ADDR_STRING),
        ("secondaryWinsServer", IP_ADDR_STRING),
        ("leaseObtained", c_ulong),
        ("leaseExpires", c_ulong)]
    GetAdaptersInfo = windll.iphlpapi.GetAdaptersInfo
    GetAdaptersInfo.restype = c_ulong
    GetAdaptersInfo.argtypes = [LP_IP_ADAPTER_INFO, POINTER(c_ulong)]
    adapterList = (IP_ADAPTER_INFO * 10)()
    buflen = c_ulong(sizeof(adapterList))
    rc = GetAdaptersInfo(byref(adapterList[0]), byref(buflen))
    if rc == 0:
        for a in adapterList:
            adNode = a.ipAddressList
            while True:
                ipAddr = adNode.ipAddress
                if ipAddr:
                    yield ipAddr
                adNode = adNode.next
                if not adNode:
                    break

用法:

>>> for addr in getIPAddresses():
>>>    print addr
192.168.0.100
10.5.9.207

由于它依赖于windll，这将只在Windows上工作。

Socket API方法

参见https://stackoverflow.com/a/28950776/711085

缺点:

Not cross-platform. Requires more fallback code, tied to existence of particular addresses on the internet This will also not work if you're behind a NAT Probably creates a UDP connection, not independent of (usually ISP's) DNS availability (see other answers for ideas like using 8.8.8.8: Google's (coincidentally also DNS) server) Make sure you make the destination address UNREACHABLE, like a numeric IP address that is spec-guaranteed to be unused. Do NOT use some domain like fakesubdomain.google.com or somefakewebsite.com; you'll still be spamming that party (now or in the future), and spamming your own network boxes as well in the process.

反射器方法

(请注意，这并没有回答OP的本地IP地址问题，例如192.168…;它会给你你的公共IP地址，根据用例，这可能更可取。)

你可以查询一些网站，如whatismyip.com(但有一个API)，例如:

from urllib.request import urlopen
import re
def getPublicIp():
    data = str(urlopen('http://checkip.dyndns.com/').read())
    # data = '<html><head><title>Current IP Check</title></head><body>Current IP Address: 65.96.168.198</body></html>\r\n'

    return re.compile(r'Address: (\d+\.\d+\.\d+\.\d+)').search(data).group(1)

或者如果使用python2:

from urllib import urlopen
import re
def getPublicIp():
    data = str(urlopen('http://checkip.dyndns.com/').read())
    # data = '<html><head><title>Current IP Check</title></head><body>Current IP Address: 65.96.168.198</body></html>\r\n'

    return re.compile(r'Address: (\d+\.\d+\.\d+\.\d+)').search(data).group(1)

优点:

这种方法的一个优点是它是跨平台的 它从丑陋的nat(例如你的家用路由器)后面工作。

缺点(和变通方法):

要求网站正常运行，格式不变(几乎肯定不会)，DNS服务器正常工作。在失败的情况下，还可以通过查询其他第三方IP地址反射器来缓解这个问题。 如果您不查询多个反射器(以防止一个受损害的反射器告诉您您的地址不是某个东西)，或者如果您不使用HTTPS(以防止假装是服务器的中间人攻击)，则可能的攻击向量

edit: Though initially I thought these methods were really bad (unless you use many fallbacks, the code may be irrelevant many years from now), it does pose the question "what is the internet?". A computer may have many interfaces pointing to many different networks. For a more thorough description of the topic, google for gateways and routes. A computer may be able to access an internal network via an internal gateway, or access the world-wide web via a gateway on for example a router (usually the case). The local IP address that the OP asks about is only well-defined with respect to a single link layer, so you have to specify that ("is it the network card, or the ethernet cable, which we're talking about?"). There may be multiple non-unique answers to this question as posed. However the global IP address on the world-wide web is probably well-defined (in the absence of massive network fragmentation): probably the return path via the gateway which can access the TLDs.

在拥有iproute2实用程序的现代*NIX系统上，您可以通过subprocess.run()调用它，因为您可以使用-j开关在JSON中输出，然后使用JSON .loads()模块和方法将其转换为python数据结构。下面的代码显示第一个非环回IP地址。

import subprocess
import json

ip = json.loads(subprocess.run('ip -j a'.split(),capture_output=True).stdout.decode())[1]['addr_info'][0]['local'] 

print(ip)

或者，如果你有多个IP，并且想要找到连接到特定目的地的IP，你可以使用IP -j route get 8.8.8.8，如下所示:

import subprocess 
import json 

ip = json.loads(subprocess.run('ip -j route get 8.8.8.8'.split(),capture_output=True).stdout.decode())[0]['prefsrc']

print(ip)

如果你在寻找所有的IP地址，你可以遍历IP -j a返回的字典列表

import subprocess
import json

list_of_dicts = json.loads(subprocess.run('ip -j a'.split(),capture_output=True).stdout.decode())

for interface in list_of_dicts:
    try:print(f"Interface: {interface['ifname']:10} IP: {interface['addr_info'][0]['local']}")
    except:pass