使用Python的stdlib查找本地IP地址

如何找到本地IP地址(即192.168.x。x或10.0.x.x)在Python平台独立，只使用标准库?

当前回答

Socket API方法

参见https://stackoverflow.com/a/28950776/711085

缺点:

Not cross-platform. Requires more fallback code, tied to existence of particular addresses on the internet This will also not work if you're behind a NAT Probably creates a UDP connection, not independent of (usually ISP's) DNS availability (see other answers for ideas like using 8.8.8.8: Google's (coincidentally also DNS) server) Make sure you make the destination address UNREACHABLE, like a numeric IP address that is spec-guaranteed to be unused. Do NOT use some domain like fakesubdomain.google.com or somefakewebsite.com; you'll still be spamming that party (now or in the future), and spamming your own network boxes as well in the process.

反射器方法

(请注意，这并没有回答OP的本地IP地址问题，例如192.168…;它会给你你的公共IP地址，根据用例，这可能更可取。)

你可以查询一些网站，如whatismyip.com(但有一个API)，例如:

from urllib.request import urlopen
import re
def getPublicIp():
    data = str(urlopen('http://checkip.dyndns.com/').read())
    # data = '<html><head><title>Current IP Check</title></head><body>Current IP Address: 65.96.168.198</body></html>\r\n'

    return re.compile(r'Address: (\d+\.\d+\.\d+\.\d+)').search(data).group(1)

或者如果使用python2:

from urllib import urlopen
import re
def getPublicIp():
    data = str(urlopen('http://checkip.dyndns.com/').read())
    # data = '<html><head><title>Current IP Check</title></head><body>Current IP Address: 65.96.168.198</body></html>\r\n'

    return re.compile(r'Address: (\d+\.\d+\.\d+\.\d+)').search(data).group(1)

优点:

这种方法的一个优点是它是跨平台的它从丑陋的nat(例如你的家用路由器)后面工作。

缺点(和变通方法):

要求网站正常运行，格式不变(几乎肯定不会)，DNS服务器正常工作。在失败的情况下，还可以通过查询其他第三方IP地址反射器来缓解这个问题。如果您不查询多个反射器(以防止一个受损害的反射器告诉您您的地址不是某个东西)，或者如果您不使用HTTPS(以防止假装是服务器的中间人攻击)，则可能的攻击向量

edit: Though initially I thought these methods were really bad (unless you use many fallbacks, the code may be irrelevant many years from now), it does pose the question "what is the internet?". A computer may have many interfaces pointing to many different networks. For a more thorough description of the topic, google for gateways and routes. A computer may be able to access an internal network via an internal gateway, or access the world-wide web via a gateway on for example a router (usually the case). The local IP address that the OP asks about is only well-defined with respect to a single link layer, so you have to specify that ("is it the network card, or the ethernet cable, which we're talking about?"). There may be multiple non-unique answers to this question as posed. However the global IP address on the world-wide web is probably well-defined (in the absence of massive network fragmentation): probably the return path via the gateway which can access the TLDs.

2011-06-23 11:07:11

其他回答

我决定使用ipfy: https://www.ipify.org的服务和/或API。

#!/usr/bin/env python3
from urllib.request import urlopen


def public_ip():
    data = urlopen('https://api.ipify.org').read()
    return str(data, encoding='utf-8')


print(public_ip())

还可以以JSON和JSONP格式获得响应。

Github上有一个ipify Python库。

2016-08-07 13:49:21

这与之前发布的答案非常相似，但我找不到任何与这种调用用法有关的答案。这是我用于ipv4的。对于ipv6，更改'。' in to ':' in

import socket
print next(i[4][0] for i in socket.getaddrinfo(
    socket.gethostname(), 80) if '127.' not in i[4][0] and '.' in i[4][0]);"

2016-12-06 18:12:37

from netifaces import interfaces, ifaddresses, AF_INET
iplist = [ifaddresses(face)[AF_INET][0]["addr"] for face in interfaces() if AF_INET in ifaddresses(face)]
print(iplist)
['10.8.0.2', '192.168.1.10', '127.0.0.1']

2017-06-16 04:57:28

此方法返回本地盒子上的“主”IP(具有默认路由的IP)。

不需要可路由的网络访问或任何连接。即使所有接口都从网络断开，也能正常工作。不需要甚至不尝试去其他地方。工作与NAT，公共，私有，外部和内部IP 没有外部依赖的纯Python 2(或3)。支持Linux、Windows和OSX。

Python 3或2:

    import socket
    def get_ip():
        s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_DGRAM)
        s.settimeout(0)
        try:
            # doesn't even have to be reachable
            s.connect(('10.254.254.254', 1))
            IP = s.getsockname()[0]
        except Exception:
            IP = '127.0.0.1'
        finally:
            s.close()
        return IP
    print(get_ip())

这将返回一个主IP(具有默认路由的IP)。如果您需要将所有IP附加到所有接口(包括localhost等)，请参见类似这样的回答。

如果你在一个NAT防火墙后面，比如你家里的wifi路由器，那么这将不会显示你的公共NAT IP，而是显示你在本地网络上的私有IP，它有一个默认路由到你的本地wifi路由器。如果你需要外部IP:

在那个外部设备(wifi路由器)上运行这个功能，或者连接到外部服务(如https://www.ipify.org/)，可以反射从外部世界看到的IP

．.．但这些想法与最初的问题完全不同。：）

2015-03-09 20:02:27

在Linux上:

>>> import socket, struct, fcntl
>>> sock = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
>>> sockfd = sock.fileno()
>>> SIOCGIFADDR = 0x8915
>>>
>>> def get_ip(iface = 'eth0'):
...     ifreq = struct.pack('16sH14s', iface, socket.AF_INET, '\x00'*14)
...     try:
...         res = fcntl.ioctl(sockfd, SIOCGIFADDR, ifreq)
...     except:
...         return None
...     ip = struct.unpack('16sH2x4s8x', res)[2]
...     return socket.inet_ntoa(ip)
... 
>>> get_ip('eth0')
'10.80.40.234'
>>>

2012-02-13 20:52:31

使用Python的stdlib查找本地IP地址

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