使用Python的stdlib查找本地IP地址

如何找到本地IP地址(即192.168.x。x或10.0.x.x)在Python平台独立，只使用标准库?

当前回答

对于linux，你可以使用hostname -I system命令的check_output，就像这样:

from subprocess import check_output
check_output(['hostname', '-I'])

2019-07-25 07:36:08

其他回答

Socket API方法

参见https://stackoverflow.com/a/28950776/711085

缺点:

Not cross-platform. Requires more fallback code, tied to existence of particular addresses on the internet This will also not work if you're behind a NAT Probably creates a UDP connection, not independent of (usually ISP's) DNS availability (see other answers for ideas like using 8.8.8.8: Google's (coincidentally also DNS) server) Make sure you make the destination address UNREACHABLE, like a numeric IP address that is spec-guaranteed to be unused. Do NOT use some domain like fakesubdomain.google.com or somefakewebsite.com; you'll still be spamming that party (now or in the future), and spamming your own network boxes as well in the process.

反射器方法

(请注意，这并没有回答OP的本地IP地址问题，例如192.168…;它会给你你的公共IP地址，根据用例，这可能更可取。)

你可以查询一些网站，如whatismyip.com(但有一个API)，例如:

from urllib.request import urlopen
import re
def getPublicIp():
    data = str(urlopen('http://checkip.dyndns.com/').read())
    # data = '<html><head><title>Current IP Check</title></head><body>Current IP Address: 65.96.168.198</body></html>\r\n'

    return re.compile(r'Address: (\d+\.\d+\.\d+\.\d+)').search(data).group(1)

或者如果使用python2:

from urllib import urlopen
import re
def getPublicIp():
    data = str(urlopen('http://checkip.dyndns.com/').read())
    # data = '<html><head><title>Current IP Check</title></head><body>Current IP Address: 65.96.168.198</body></html>\r\n'

    return re.compile(r'Address: (\d+\.\d+\.\d+\.\d+)').search(data).group(1)

优点:

这种方法的一个优点是它是跨平台的它从丑陋的nat(例如你的家用路由器)后面工作。

缺点(和变通方法):

要求网站正常运行，格式不变(几乎肯定不会)，DNS服务器正常工作。在失败的情况下，还可以通过查询其他第三方IP地址反射器来缓解这个问题。如果您不查询多个反射器(以防止一个受损害的反射器告诉您您的地址不是某个东西)，或者如果您不使用HTTPS(以防止假装是服务器的中间人攻击)，则可能的攻击向量

edit: Though initially I thought these methods were really bad (unless you use many fallbacks, the code may be irrelevant many years from now), it does pose the question "what is the internet?". A computer may have many interfaces pointing to many different networks. For a more thorough description of the topic, google for gateways and routes. A computer may be able to access an internal network via an internal gateway, or access the world-wide web via a gateway on for example a router (usually the case). The local IP address that the OP asks about is only well-defined with respect to a single link layer, so you have to specify that ("is it the network card, or the ethernet cable, which we're talking about?"). There may be multiple non-unique answers to this question as posed. However the global IP address on the world-wide web is probably well-defined (in the absence of massive network fragmentation): probably the return path via the gateway which can access the TLDs.

2011-06-23 11:07:11

import socket
socket.gethostbyname(socket.gethostname())

这并不总是有效(在/etc/hosts主机名为127.0.0.1的机器上返回127.0.0.1)，gimel显示的是一个缓和的方法，使用socket.getfqdn()代替。当然，您的机器需要一个可解析的主机名。

2008-10-03 12:06:50

Pyroute2是一个很棒的库，不仅可以用来获取IP地址，还可以用来获取网关信息和其他有用的信息。下面的代码可以获取任意接口的ipv4地址。

from pyroute2 import IPRoute
ip = IPRoute()

def get_ipv4_address(intf):
    return dict(ip.get_addr(label=intf)[0]['attrs'])['IFA_LOCAL']

print(get_ipv4_address('eth0'))

2020-02-03 23:55:42

我刚发现这个，但它似乎有点hack，然而他们说尝试它在*nix和我在windows上，它工作。

import socket
s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_DGRAM)
s.connect(("8.8.8.8", 80))
print(s.getsockname()[0])
s.close()

这假设您有internet访问，并且没有本地代理。

2008-10-03 12:35:13

127.0.1.1是您的真实IP地址。更一般地说，一台计算机可以有任意数量的IP地址。您可以过滤它们为私有网络- 127.0.0.0/8,10.0.0.0/8,172.16.0.0/12和192.168.0.0/16。

但是，没有跨平台的方法来获取所有的IP地址。在Linux上，可以使用SIOCGIFCONF ioctl。

2011-06-23 11:04:19

使用Python的stdlib查找本地IP地址

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