如何找到本地IP地址(即192.168.x。x或10.0.x.x)在Python平台独立,只使用标准库?
当前回答
另一个变体的前面的答案,可以保存到一个名为my-ip-to的可执行脚本:
#!/usr/bin/env python
import sys, socket
if len(sys.argv) > 1:
for remote_host in sys.argv[1:]:
# determine local host ip by outgoing test to another host
# use port 9 (discard protocol - RFC 863) over UDP4
with socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_DGRAM) as s:
s.connect((remote_host, 9))
my_ip = s.getsockname()[0]
print(my_ip, flush=True)
else:
import platform
my_name = platform.node()
my_ip = socket.gethostbyname(my_name)
print(my_ip)
它需要任意数量的远程主机,并打印出本地ip,逐个到达它们:
$ my-ip-to z.cn g.cn localhost
192.168.11.102
192.168.11.102
127.0.0.1
$
并在没有给出arg时打印best-bet。
$ my-ip-to
192.168.11.102
其他回答
@fatal_error解决方案应该是接受的答案!这是他的解决方案在nodejs中的实现,以备人们需要:
const dgram = require('dgram');
async function get_local_ip() {
const s = new dgram.createSocket('udp4');
return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
try {
s.connect(1, '8.8.8.8', function () {
const ip = s.address();
s.close();
resolve(ip.address)
});
} catch (e) {
console.error(e);
s.close();
reject(e);
}
})
}
这是UnkwnTech的答案的变体——它提供了一个get_local_addr()函数,该函数返回主机的主LAN ip地址。我发布它是因为这增加了一些东西:ipv6支持,错误处理,忽略localhost/linklocal地址,并使用TESTNET地址(rfc5737)来连接。
# imports
import errno
import socket
import logging
# localhost prefixes
_local_networks = ("127.", "0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1")
# ignore these prefixes -- localhost, unspecified, and link-local
_ignored_networks = _local_networks + ("0.", "0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0", "169.254.", "fe80:")
def detect_family(addr):
if "." in addr:
assert ":" not in addr
return socket.AF_INET
elif ":" in addr:
return socket.AF_INET6
else:
raise ValueError("invalid ipv4/6 address: %r" % addr)
def expand_addr(addr):
"""convert address into canonical expanded form --
no leading zeroes in groups, and for ipv6: lowercase hex, no collapsed groups.
"""
family = detect_family(addr)
addr = socket.inet_ntop(family, socket.inet_pton(family, addr))
if "::" in addr:
count = 8-addr.count(":")
addr = addr.replace("::", (":0" * count) + ":")
if addr.startswith(":"):
addr = "0" + addr
return addr
def _get_local_addr(family, remote):
try:
s = socket.socket(family, socket.SOCK_DGRAM)
try:
s.connect((remote, 9))
return s.getsockname()[0]
finally:
s.close()
except socket.error:
# log.info("trapped error connecting to %r via %r", remote, family, exc_info=True)
return None
def get_local_addr(remote=None, ipv6=True):
"""get LAN address of host
:param remote:
return LAN address that host would use to access that specific remote address.
by default, returns address it would use to access the public internet.
:param ipv6:
by default, attempts to find an ipv6 address first.
if set to False, only checks ipv4.
:returns:
primary LAN address for host, or ``None`` if couldn't be determined.
"""
if remote:
family = detect_family(remote)
local = _get_local_addr(family, remote)
if not local:
return None
if family == socket.AF_INET6:
# expand zero groups so the startswith() test works.
local = expand_addr(local)
if local.startswith(_local_networks):
# border case where remote addr belongs to host
return local
else:
# NOTE: the two addresses used here are TESTNET addresses,
# which should never exist in the real world.
if ipv6:
local = _get_local_addr(socket.AF_INET6, "2001:db8::1234")
# expand zero groups so the startswith() test works.
if local:
local = expand_addr(local)
else:
local = None
if not local:
local = _get_local_addr(socket.AF_INET, "192.0.2.123")
if not local:
return None
if local.startswith(_ignored_networks):
return None
return local
import netifaces as ni
ni.ifaddresses('eth0')
ip = ni.ifaddresses('eth0')[ni.AF_INET][0]['addr']
print(ip)
这将返回你的IP地址在Ubuntu系统和MacOS。输出将是系统IP地址,如我的IP: 192.168.1.10。
你可以使用netifaces模块。类型:
pip install netifaces
在你的命令shell中,它会在默认的Python安装中安装自己。
然后你可以这样使用它:
from netifaces import interfaces, ifaddresses, AF_INET
for ifaceName in interfaces():
addresses = [i['addr'] for i in ifaddresses(ifaceName).setdefault(AF_INET, [{'addr':'No IP addr'}] )]
print '%s: %s' % (ifaceName, ', '.join(addresses))
在我的电脑上,它打印出:
{45639BDC-1050-46E0-9BE9-075C30DE1FBC}: 192.168.0.100 {D43A468B-F3AE-4BF9-9391-4863A4500583}: 10.5.9.207
这个模块的作者声称它应该在Windows、UNIX和Mac OS X上工作。
我决定使用ipfy: https://www.ipify.org的服务和/或API。
#!/usr/bin/env python3
from urllib.request import urlopen
def public_ip():
data = urlopen('https://api.ipify.org').read()
return str(data, encoding='utf-8')
print(public_ip())
还可以以JSON和JSONP格式获得响应。
Github上有一个ipify Python库。
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