一台计算机可以有多个网络接口(包括您提到的本地环回127.0.0.1)。就操作系统而言，它也是一个“真实IP地址”。

如果你想跟踪所有的接口，看看下面的Python包，参见:http://alastairs-place.net/netifaces/

我认为，如果您从主机文件中删除环回条目，就可以避免gethostbyname返回127.0.0.1。(有待核实)。

在Debian上(经过测试)，我怀疑大多数Linux ..

import commands

RetMyIP = commands.getoutput("hostname -I")

在MS Windows上(已测试)

import socket

socket.gethostbyname(socket.gethostname())

我刚发现这个，但它似乎有点hack，然而他们说尝试它在*nix和我在windows上，它工作。

import socket
s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_DGRAM)
s.connect(("8.8.8.8", 80))
print(s.getsockname()[0])
s.close()

这假设您有internet访问，并且没有本地代理。

[仅限Windows]如果您不想使用外部包，也不想依赖外部Internet服务器，这可能会有所帮助。这是一个代码样本，我在谷歌代码搜索和修改返回所需的信息:

def getIPAddresses():
    from ctypes import Structure, windll, sizeof
    from ctypes import POINTER, byref
    from ctypes import c_ulong, c_uint, c_ubyte, c_char
    MAX_ADAPTER_DESCRIPTION_LENGTH = 128
    MAX_ADAPTER_NAME_LENGTH = 256
    MAX_ADAPTER_ADDRESS_LENGTH = 8
    class IP_ADDR_STRING(Structure):
        pass
    LP_IP_ADDR_STRING = POINTER(IP_ADDR_STRING)
    IP_ADDR_STRING._fields_ = [
        ("next", LP_IP_ADDR_STRING),
        ("ipAddress", c_char * 16),
        ("ipMask", c_char * 16),
        ("context", c_ulong)]
    class IP_ADAPTER_INFO (Structure):
        pass
    LP_IP_ADAPTER_INFO = POINTER(IP_ADAPTER_INFO)
    IP_ADAPTER_INFO._fields_ = [
        ("next", LP_IP_ADAPTER_INFO),
        ("comboIndex", c_ulong),
        ("adapterName", c_char * (MAX_ADAPTER_NAME_LENGTH + 4)),
        ("description", c_char * (MAX_ADAPTER_DESCRIPTION_LENGTH + 4)),
        ("addressLength", c_uint),
        ("address", c_ubyte * MAX_ADAPTER_ADDRESS_LENGTH),
        ("index", c_ulong),
        ("type", c_uint),
        ("dhcpEnabled", c_uint),
        ("currentIpAddress", LP_IP_ADDR_STRING),
        ("ipAddressList", IP_ADDR_STRING),
        ("gatewayList", IP_ADDR_STRING),
        ("dhcpServer", IP_ADDR_STRING),
        ("haveWins", c_uint),
        ("primaryWinsServer", IP_ADDR_STRING),
        ("secondaryWinsServer", IP_ADDR_STRING),
        ("leaseObtained", c_ulong),
        ("leaseExpires", c_ulong)]
    GetAdaptersInfo = windll.iphlpapi.GetAdaptersInfo
    GetAdaptersInfo.restype = c_ulong
    GetAdaptersInfo.argtypes = [LP_IP_ADAPTER_INFO, POINTER(c_ulong)]
    adapterList = (IP_ADAPTER_INFO * 10)()
    buflen = c_ulong(sizeof(adapterList))
    rc = GetAdaptersInfo(byref(adapterList[0]), byref(buflen))
    if rc == 0:
        for a in adapterList:
            adNode = a.ipAddressList
            while True:
                ipAddr = adNode.ipAddress
                if ipAddr:
                    yield ipAddr
                adNode = adNode.next
                if not adNode:
                    break

用法:

>>> for addr in getIPAddresses():
>>>    print addr
192.168.0.100
10.5.9.207

由于它依赖于windll，这将只在Windows上工作。

这不是很Pythonic，但它在Windows上可靠地工作。

def getWinIP(version = 'IPv4'):
    import subprocess
    if version not in ['IPv4', 'IPv6']:
        print 'error - protocol version must be "IPv4" or "IPv6"'
        return None
    ipconfig = subprocess.check_output('ipconfig')
    my_ip = []
    for line in ipconfig.split('\n'):
        if 'Address' in line and version in line:
            my_ip.append(line.split(' : ')[1].strip())
    return my_ip

print getWinIP()

是的，这是一种黑客行为，但有时我不想事后怀疑操作系统，直接使用内置的和有效的操作系统就行了。

另一个变体的前面的答案，可以保存到一个名为my-ip-to的可执行脚本:

#!/usr/bin/env python

import sys, socket

if len(sys.argv) > 1:
    for remote_host in sys.argv[1:]:
        # determine local host ip by outgoing test to another host
        # use port 9 (discard protocol - RFC 863) over UDP4
        with socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_DGRAM) as s:
            s.connect((remote_host, 9))
            my_ip = s.getsockname()[0]
            print(my_ip, flush=True)
else:
    import platform

    my_name = platform.node()
    my_ip = socket.gethostbyname(my_name)
    print(my_ip)

它需要任意数量的远程主机，并打印出本地ip，逐个到达它们:

$ my-ip-to z.cn g.cn localhost
192.168.11.102
192.168.11.102
127.0.0.1
$

并在没有给出arg时打印best-bet。

$ my-ip-to
192.168.11.102