我对bash脚本感到困惑。
我有以下代码:
function grep_search() {
magic_way_to_define_magic_variable_$1=`ls | tail -1`
echo $magic_variable_$1
}
我希望能够创建一个变量名，其中包含命令的第一个参数，并承载例如ls的最后一行的值。
为了说明我想要的:
$ ls | tail -1
stack-overflow.txt
$ grep_search() open_box
stack-overflow.txt
那么，我应该如何定义/声明$magic_way_to_define_magic_variable_$1，我应该如何在脚本中调用它?
我已经试过eval， ${…}, \$${...}，但我还是很困惑。
当前回答
哇，大部分语法都很糟糕!如果你需要间接引用数组，这里有一个简单语法的解决方案:
#!/bin/bash
foo_1=(fff ddd) ;
foo_2=(ggg ccc) ;
for i in 1 2 ;
do
eval mine=( \${foo_$i[@]} ) ;
echo ${mine[@]}" " ;
done ;
对于更简单的用例，我推荐使用高级bash脚本编写指南中描述的语法。
其他回答
这应该可以工作:
function grep_search() {
declare magic_variable_$1="$(ls | tail -1)"
echo "$(tmpvar=magic_variable_$1 && echo ${!tmpvar})"
}
grep_search var # calling grep_search with argument "var"
尽管这是一个老问题，但我在获取动态变量名时仍然遇到了一些困难，同时避免使用eval (evil)命令。
用declare -n解决了这个问题，它创建了一个动态值的引用，这在CI/CD进程中特别有用，其中CI/CD服务所需的秘密名称直到运行时才知道。方法如下:
# Bash v4.3+
# -----------------------------------------------------------
# Secerts in CI/CD service, injected as environment variables
# AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID_DEV, AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY_DEV
# AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID_STG, AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY_STG
# -----------------------------------------------------------
# Environment variables injected by CI/CD service
# BRANCH_NAME="DEV"
# -----------------------------------------------------------
declare -n _AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID_REF=AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID_${BRANCH_NAME}
declare -n _AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY_REF=AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY_${BRANCH_NAME}
export AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID=${_AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID_REF}
export AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY=${_AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY_REF}
echo $AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID $AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY
aws s3 ls
下面的示例返回$name_of_var的值
var=name_of_var
echo $(eval echo "\$$var")
我最近一直在寻找更好的方法。联想数组对我来说太夸张了。看看我发现了什么
suffix=bzz
declare prefix_$suffix=mystr
.．.然后……
varname=prefix_$suffix
echo ${!varname}
从文档中可以看出:
The ‘$’ character introduces parameter expansion, command substitution, or arithmetic expansion. ... The basic form of parameter expansion is ${parameter}. The value of parameter is substituted. ... If the first character of parameter is an exclamation point (!), and parameter is not a nameref, it introduces a level of indirection. Bash uses the value formed by expanding the rest of parameter as the new parameter; this is then expanded and that value is used in the rest of the expansion, rather than the expansion of the original parameter. This is known as indirect expansion. The value is subject to tilde expansion, parameter expansion, command substitution, and arithmetic expansion. ...
对于索引数组，你可以像这样引用它们:
foo=(a b c)
bar=(d e f)
for arr_var in 'foo' 'bar'; do
declare -a 'arr=("${'"$arr_var"'[@]}")'
# do something with $arr
echo "\$$arr_var contains:"
for char in "${arr[@]}"; do
echo "$char"
done
done
关联数组可以类似地引用，但需要在declare上使用-A开关而不是-A。
