POSIX兼容的答案

对于这个解决方案，您需要拥有/tmp文件夹的r/w权限。 我们创建一个临时文件保存变量，并利用set内置的-a标志:

$ man套装 .．. -a每个创建或修改的变量或函数都被赋予export属性，并标记为可导出到后续命令的环境。

因此，如果我们创建一个包含动态变量的文件，我们可以使用set在脚本中赋予它们生命。

实现

#!/bin/sh
# Give the temp file a unique name so you don't mess with any other files in there
ENV_FILE="/tmp/$(date +%s)"

MY_KEY=foo
MY_VALUE=bar

echo "$MY_KEY=$MY_VALUE" >> "$ENV_FILE"

# Now that our env file is created and populated, we can use "set"
set -a; . "$ENV_FILE"; set +a
rm "$ENV_FILE"
echo "$foo"

# Output is "bar" (without quotes)

解释以上步骤:

# Enables the -a behavior
set -a

# Sources the env file
. "$ENV_FILE"

# Disables the -a behavior
set +a

我最近一直在寻找更好的方法。联想数组对我来说太夸张了。看看我发现了什么

suffix=bzz
declare prefix_$suffix=mystr

.．.然后……

varname=prefix_$suffix
echo ${!varname}

从文档中可以看出:

The ‘$’ character introduces parameter expansion, command substitution, or arithmetic expansion. ... The basic form of parameter expansion is ${parameter}. The value of parameter is substituted. ... If the first character of parameter is an exclamation point (!), and parameter is not a nameref, it introduces a level of indirection. Bash uses the value formed by expanding the rest of parameter as the new parameter; this is then expanded and that value is used in the rest of the expansion, rather than the expansion of the original parameter. This is known as indirect expansion. The value is subject to tilde expansion, parameter expansion, command substitution, and arithmetic expansion. ...

根据BashFAQ/006，你可以使用read with here字符串语法来分配间接变量:

function grep_search() {
  read "$1" <<<$(ls | tail -1);
}

用法:

$ grep_search open_box
$ echo $open_box
stack-overflow.txt

将两个评分较高的答案结合成一个完整的例子，希望有用且不言自明:

#!/bin/bash

intro="You know what,"
pet1="cat"
pet2="chicken"
pet3="cow"
pet4="dog"
pet5="pig"

# Setting and reading dynamic variables
for i in {1..5}; do
        pet="pet$i"
        declare "sentence$i=$intro I have a pet ${!pet} at home"
done

# Just reading dynamic variables
for i in {1..5}; do
        sentence="sentence$i"
        echo "${!sentence}"
done

echo
echo "Again, but reading regular variables:"
echo $sentence1
echo $sentence2
echo $sentence3
echo $sentence4
echo $sentence5

输出:

你知道吗，我家里有一只宠物猫 你知道吗，我家里有只宠物鸡 你知道吗，我家里有一头宠物牛 你知道吗，我家里有一只宠物狗 你知道吗，我家里有只宠物猪

同样，但是读取的是常规变量: 你知道吗，我家里有一只宠物猫 你知道吗，我家里有只宠物鸡 你知道吗，我家里有一头宠物牛 你知道吗，我家里有一只宠物狗 你知道吗，我家里有只宠物猪

使用声明

没有必要像其他答案一样使用前缀，也没有数组。只使用声明、双引号和参数展开。

我经常使用下面的技巧来解析包含1到n个参数的参数列表，格式为key=value otherkey=othervalue etc=etc，例如:

# brace expansion just to exemplify
for variable in {one=foo,two=bar,ninja=tip}
do
  declare "${variable%=*}=${variable#*=}"
done
echo $one $two $ninja 
# foo bar tip

但是展开argv列表就像

for v in "$@"; do declare "${v%=*}=${v#*=}"; done

额外的建议

# parse argv's leading key=value parameters
for v in "$@"; do
  case "$v" in ?*=?*) declare "${v%=*}=${v#*=}";; *) break;; esac
done
# consume argv's leading key=value parameters
while test $# -gt 0; do
  case "$1" in ?*=?*) declare "${1%=*}=${1#*=}";; *) break;; esac
  shift
done

这个也可以

my_country_code="green"
x="country"

eval z='$'my_"$x"_code
echo $z                 ## o/p: green

在你的情况下

eval final_val='$'magic_way_to_define_magic_variable_"$1"
echo $final_val