在我的模型中我有:

class Alias(MyBaseModel):
remote_image = models.URLField(
    max_length=500, null=True,
    help_text='''
        A URL that is downloaded and cached for the image.
        Only used when the alias is made
    '''
)
    image = models.ImageField(
        upload_to='alias', default='alias-default.png',
        help_text="An image representing the alias"
    )

    
    def save(self, *args, **kw):
        if (not self.image or self.image.name == 'alias-default.png') and self.remote_image :
            try :
                data = utils.fetch(self.remote_image)
                image = StringIO.StringIO(data)
                image = Image.open(image)
                buf = StringIO.StringIO()
                image.save(buf, format='PNG')
                self.image.save(
                    hashlib.md5(self.string_id).hexdigest() + ".png", ContentFile(buf.getvalue())
                )
            except IOError :
                pass

这在remote_image第一次改变的时候工作得很好。

当有人修改了别名上的remote_image时,我如何获取一个新的图像?其次,是否有更好的方法来缓存远程映像?


当前回答

改进所有领域的@josh答案:

class Person(models.Model):
  name = models.CharField()

def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
    super(Person, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)
    self._original_fields = dict([(field.attname, getattr(self, field.attname))
        for field in self._meta.local_fields if not isinstance(field, models.ForeignKey)])

def save(self, *args, **kwargs):
  if self.id:
    for field in self._meta.local_fields:
      if not isinstance(field, models.ForeignKey) and\
        self._original_fields[field.name] != getattr(self, field.name):
        # Do Something    
  super(Person, self).save(*args, **kwargs)

澄清一下,getattr的工作是获取像person.name这样带字符串的字段(即getattr(person, "name"))

其他回答

我扩展了@livskiy的mixin,如下所示:

class ModelDiffMixin(models.Model):
    """
    A model mixin that tracks model fields' values and provide some useful api
    to know what fields have been changed.
    """
    _dict = DictField(editable=False)
    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
        super(ModelDiffMixin, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)
        self._initial = self._dict

    @property
    def diff(self):
        d1 = self._initial
        d2 = self._dict
        diffs = [(k, (v, d2[k])) for k, v in d1.items() if v != d2[k]]
        return dict(diffs)

    @property
    def has_changed(self):
        return bool(self.diff)

    @property
    def changed_fields(self):
        return self.diff.keys()

    def get_field_diff(self, field_name):
        """
        Returns a diff for field if it's changed and None otherwise.
        """
        return self.diff.get(field_name, None)

    def save(self, *args, **kwargs):
        """
        Saves model and set initial state.
        """
        object_dict = model_to_dict(self,
               fields=[field.name for field in self._meta.fields])
        for field in object_dict:
            # for FileFields
            if issubclass(object_dict[field].__class__, FieldFile):
                try:
                    object_dict[field] = object_dict[field].path
                except :
                    object_dict[field] = object_dict[field].name

            # TODO: add other non-serializable field types
        self._dict = object_dict
        super(ModelDiffMixin, self).save(*args, **kwargs)

    class Meta:
        abstract = True

DictField为:

class DictField(models.TextField):
    __metaclass__ = models.SubfieldBase
    description = "Stores a python dict"

    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
        super(DictField, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)

    def to_python(self, value):
        if not value:
            value = {}

        if isinstance(value, dict):
            return value

        return json.loads(value)

    def get_prep_value(self, value):
        if value is None:
            return value
        return json.dumps(value)

    def value_to_string(self, obj):
        value = self._get_val_from_obj(obj)
        return self.get_db_prep_value(value)

可以通过在模型中扩展它来使用它 一个_dict字段将在同步/迁移时添加,该字段将存储对象的状态

我找到了这个包django-lifecycle。 它使用django信号来定义@hook装饰器,非常健壮可靠。我用过它,它是一种幸福。

如果你正在使用一个表单,你可以使用表单的changed_data (docs):

class AliasForm(ModelForm):

    def save(self, commit=True):
        if 'remote_image' in self.changed_data:
            # do things
            remote_image = self.cleaned_data['remote_image']
            do_things(remote_image)
        super(AliasForm, self).save(commit)

    class Meta:
        model = Alias

作为SmileyChris回答的扩展,您可以为last_updated的模型添加一个datetime字段,并在检查更改之前为您将让它达到的最大年龄设置某种限制

这是Chris Pratt的答案的一个版本,通过使用事务块和select_for_update()来防止竞争条件,同时牺牲性能。

@receiver(pre_save, sender=MyModel)
@transaction.atomic
def do_something_if_changed(sender, instance, **kwargs):
    try:
        obj = sender.objects.select_for_update().get(pk=instance.pk)
    except sender.DoesNotExist:
        pass # Object is new, so field hasn't technically changed, but you may want to do something else here.
    else:
        if not obj.some_field == instance.some_field: # Field has changed
            # do something