在我的模型中我有:
class Alias(MyBaseModel):
remote_image = models.URLField(
max_length=500, null=True,
help_text='''
A URL that is downloaded and cached for the image.
Only used when the alias is made
'''
)
image = models.ImageField(
upload_to='alias', default='alias-default.png',
help_text="An image representing the alias"
)
def save(self, *args, **kw):
if (not self.image or self.image.name == 'alias-default.png') and self.remote_image :
try :
data = utils.fetch(self.remote_image)
image = StringIO.StringIO(data)
image = Image.open(image)
buf = StringIO.StringIO()
image.save(buf, format='PNG')
self.image.save(
hashlib.md5(self.string_id).hexdigest() + ".png", ContentFile(buf.getvalue())
)
except IOError :
pass
这在remote_image第一次改变的时候工作得很好。
当有人修改了别名上的remote_image时，我如何获取一个新的图像?其次，是否有更好的方法来缓存远程映像?
自从Django 1.8发布以来，你可以使用from_db类方法来缓存remote_image的旧值。然后在保存方法中，您可以比较字段的旧值和新值，以检查该值是否已更改。
@classmethod
def from_db(cls, db, field_names, values):
new = super(Alias, cls).from_db(db, field_names, values)
# cache value went from the base
new._loaded_remote_image = values[field_names.index('remote_image')]
return new
def save(self, force_insert=False, force_update=False, using=None,
update_fields=None):
if (self._state.adding and self.remote_image) or \
(not self._state.adding and self._loaded_remote_image != self.remote_image):
# If it is first save and there is no cached remote_image but there is new one,
# or the value of remote_image has changed - do your stuff!
这是Chris Pratt的答案的一个版本，通过使用事务块和select_for_update()来防止竞争条件，同时牺牲性能。
@receiver(pre_save, sender=MyModel)
@transaction.atomic
def do_something_if_changed(sender, instance, **kwargs):
try:
obj = sender.objects.select_for_update().get(pk=instance.pk)
except sender.DoesNotExist:
pass # Object is new, so field hasn't technically changed, but you may want to do something else here.
else:
if not obj.some_field == instance.some_field: # Field has changed
# do something
另一个迟来的答案，但如果你只是想看看一个新文件是否已经上传到一个文件字段，试试这个:(改编自Christopher Adams对链接http://zmsmith.com/2010/05/django-check-if-a-field-has-changed/的评论在zach的评论这里)
更新链接:https://web.archive.org/web/20130101010327/http://zmsmith.com:80/2010/05/django-check-if-a-field-has-changed/
def save(self, *args, **kw):
from django.core.files.uploadedfile import UploadedFile
if hasattr(self.image, 'file') and isinstance(self.image.file, UploadedFile) :
# Handle FileFields as special cases, because the uploaded filename could be
# the same as the filename that's already there even though there may
# be different file contents.
# if a file was just uploaded, the storage model with be UploadedFile
# Do new file stuff here
pass
现在直接回答:检查字段的值是否已经改变的一种方法是在保存实例之前从数据库获取原始数据。想想这个例子:
class MyModel(models.Model):
f1 = models.CharField(max_length=1)
def save(self, *args, **kw):
if self.pk is not None:
orig = MyModel.objects.get(pk=self.pk)
if orig.f1 != self.f1:
print 'f1 changed'
super(MyModel, self).save(*args, **kw)
同样的事情也适用于处理表单。您可以在ModelForm的clean或save方法中检测到它:
class MyModelForm(forms.ModelForm):
def clean(self):
cleaned_data = super(ProjectForm, self).clean()
#if self.has_changed(): # new instance or existing updated (form has data to save)
if self.instance.pk is not None: # new instance only
if self.instance.f1 != cleaned_data['f1']:
print 'f1 changed'
return cleaned_data
class Meta:
model = MyModel
exclude = []
最佳的解决方案可能是在保存模型实例之前不包括额外的数据库读取操作，也不包括任何进一步的django库。这就是为什么拉弗斯特的解决方案更可取。在管理站点的上下文中，可以简单地覆盖save_model-方法，并调用表单的has_changed方法，就像上面Sion的回答一样。你得到了类似这样的东西，利用Sion的例子设置，但使用changed_data来获得每一个可能的变化:
class ModelAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
fields=['name','mode']
def save_model(self, request, obj, form, change):
form.changed_data #output could be ['name']
#do somethin the changed name value...
#call the super method
super(self,ModelAdmin).save_model(request, obj, form, change)
覆盖save_model:
https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.10/ref/contrib/admin/#django.contrib.admin.ModelAdmin.save_model
为字段内置changed_data-method:
https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.10/ref/forms/api/#django.forms.Form.changed_data
