建议如何在Kotlin中创建常量?命名规则是什么?我在文档里没有找到。
companion object {
//1
val MY_CONST = "something"
//2
const val MY_CONST = "something"
//3
val myConst = "something"
}
或者…?
建议如何在Kotlin中创建常量?命名规则是什么?我在文档里没有找到。
companion object {
//1
val MY_CONST = "something"
//2
const val MY_CONST = "something"
//3
val myConst = "something"
}
或者…?
当前回答
避免使用伴随对象。在底层,为可访问的字段创建了getter和setter实例方法。从技术上讲,调用实例方法比调用静态方法代价更大。
public class DbConstants {
companion object {
val TABLE_USER_ATTRIBUTE_EMPID = "_id"
val TABLE_USER_ATTRIBUTE_DATA = "data"
}
而是在object中定义常量。
推荐的做法:
object DbConstants {
const val TABLE_USER_ATTRIBUTE_EMPID = "_id"
const val TABLE_USER_ATTRIBUTE_DATA = "data"
}
并像这样全局访问它们: DbConstants。TABLE_USER_ATTRIBUTE_EMPID
其他回答
Something that isn't mentioned in any of the answers is the overhead of using companion objects. As you can read here, companion objects are in fact objects and creating them consumes resources. In addition, you may need to go through more than one getter function every time you use your constant. If all that you need is a few primitive constants on a few instances of your class, you'll probably just be better off using val to get a better performance and avoid the companion object. The trade off is higher memory consumption if you have many instances of your class so everyone should make their own decision.
TL,博士;文章:
使用伴侣对象实际上会将以下Kotlin代码:
class MyClass {
companion object {
private val TAG = "TAG"
}
fun helloWorld() {
println(TAG)
}
}
在这段Java代码中:
public final class MyClass {
private static final String TAG = "TAG";
public static final Companion companion = new Companion();
// synthetic
public static final String access$getTAG$cp() {
return TAG;
}
public static final class Companion {
private final String getTAG() {
return MyClass.access$getTAG$cp();
}
// synthetic
public static final String access$getTAG$p(Companion c) {
return c.getTAG();
}
}
public final void helloWorld() {
System.out.println(Companion.access$getTAG$p(companion));
}
}
避免使用伴随对象。在底层,为可访问的字段创建了getter和setter实例方法。从技术上讲,调用实例方法比调用静态方法代价更大。
public class DbConstants {
companion object {
val TABLE_USER_ATTRIBUTE_EMPID = "_id"
val TABLE_USER_ATTRIBUTE_DATA = "data"
}
而是在object中定义常量。
推荐的做法:
object DbConstants {
const val TABLE_USER_ATTRIBUTE_EMPID = "_id"
const val TABLE_USER_ATTRIBUTE_DATA = "data"
}
并像这样全局访问它们: DbConstants。TABLE_USER_ATTRIBUTE_EMPID
在Kotlin中有几种定义常量的方法,
使用伴随对象
companion object {
const val ITEM1 = "item1"
const val ITEM2 = "item2"
}
你可以在任何类中使用上面的同伴对象块,并在这个块中定义你的所有字段。但是这种方法有一个问题,文档说,
尽管伴随对象的成员看起来像其他语言中的静态成员,但在运行时,它们仍然是实际对象的实例成员,并且可以实现接口。
当你使用同伴对象创建常量,并看到反编译的字节码时,你会像下面这样:
ClassName.Companion Companion = ClassName.Companion.$$INSTANCE;
@NotNull
String ITEM1 = "item1";
@NotNull
String ITEM2 = "item2";
public static final class Companion {
@NotNull
private static final String ITEM1 = "item1";
@NotNull
public static final String ITEM2 = "item2";
// $FF: synthetic field
static final ClassName.Companion $$INSTANCE;
private Companion() {
}
static {
ClassName.Companion var0 = new ClassName.Companion();
$$INSTANCE = var0;
}
}
从这里你可以很容易地看到文档说了什么,即使伴随对象的成员看起来像其他语言中的静态成员,在运行时,它们仍然是实际对象的实例成员。
现在有另一种方法,我们不需要像下面这样使用同伴对象,
object ApiConstants {
val ITEM1: String = "item1"
}
同样,如果你看到上述片段的字节代码的反编译版本,你会发现这样的东西,
public final class ApiConstants {
private static final String ITEM1 = "item1";
public static final ApiConstants INSTANCE;
public final String getITEM1() {
return ITEM1;
}
private ApiConstants() {
}
static {
ApiConstants var0 = new ApiConstants();
INSTANCE = var0;
CONNECT_TIMEOUT = "item1";
}
}
现在,如果您看到上面的反编译代码,它正在为每个变量创建get方法。这个get方法根本不是必需的。
要摆脱这些get方法,你应该在val之前使用const,如下所示:
object ApiConstants {
const val ITEM1: String = "item1"
}
现在,如果您看到上述代码片段的反编译代码,您会发现它更容易阅读,因为它为您的代码进行了最少的后台转换。
public final class ApiConstants {
public static final String ITEM1 = "item1";
public static final ApiConstants INSTANCE;
private ApiConstants() {
}
static {
ApiConstants var0 = new ApiConstants();
INSTANCE = var0;
}
}
所以这是创建常数的最好方法。
我认为这将是把一个包的所有常量放在同一个文件中的最好方法,正如在其他答案中提到的,这避免了创建伴侣对象,这使得这个性能和非常类似于Java constants类。
class Constants {
object Analytics {
const val PROJECT_OPEN = "project_open"
const val PROJECT_CLOSE = "project_close"
}
object HTTP {
const val BASE_URL = "x.y.com"
}
object DBConst {
const val TABLE_NAME = "abc"
}
}
这可以从这样的代码中引用,使其非常结构化。
Constants.Analytics.PROJECT_OPEN
Constants.HTTP.BASE_URL
Constants.DBConst.TABLE_NAME
Kotlin静态和常量值&方法声明
object MyConstant {
@JvmField // for access in java code
val PI: Double = 3.14
@JvmStatic // JvmStatic annotation for access in java code
fun sumValue(v1: Int, v2: Int): Int {
return v1 + v2
}
}
在任何地方访问值
val value = MyConstant.PI
val value = MyConstant.sumValue(10,5)