如何在Django中获取用户的IP ?
我的观点是这样的:
# Create your views
from django.contrib.gis.utils import GeoIP
from django.template import RequestContext
from django.shortcuts import render_to_response
def home(request):
g = GeoIP()
client_ip = request.META['REMOTE_ADDR']
lat,long = g.lat_lon(client_ip)
return render_to_response('home_page_tmp.html',locals())
但是我得到了这个错误:
KeyError at /mypage/
'REMOTE_ADDR'
Request Method: GET
Request URL: http://mywebsite.example/mypage/
Django Version: 1.2.4
Exception Type: KeyError
Exception Value:
'REMOTE_ADDR'
Exception Location: /mysite/homepage/views.py in home, line 9
Python Executable: /usr/bin/python
Python Version: 2.6.6
Python Path: ['/mysite', '/usr/local/lib/python2.6/dist-packages/flup-1.0.2-py2.6.egg', '/usr/lib/python2.6', '/usr/lib/python2.6/plat-linux2', '/usr/lib/python2.6/lib-tk', '/usr/lib/python2.6/lib-old', '/usr/lib/python2.6/lib-dynload', '/usr/local/lib/python2.6/dist-packages', '/usr/lib/python2.6/dist-packages', '/usr/lib/pymodules/python2.6']
Server time: Sun, 2 Jan 2011 20:42:50 -0600
你可以使用django-ipware,它支持Python 2和3,并处理IPv4和IPv6。
安装:
PIP安装django-ipware
简单的用法:
# In a view or a middleware where the `request` object is available
from ipware import get_client_ip
ip, is_routable = get_client_ip(request)
if ip is None:
# Unable to get the client's IP address
else:
# We got the client's IP address
if is_routable:
# The client's IP address is publicly routable on the Internet
else:
# The client's IP address is private
# Order of precedence is (Public, Private, Loopback, None)
先进的用法:
Custom Header - Custom request header for ipware to look at:
i, r = get_client_ip(request, request_header_order=['X_FORWARDED_FOR'])
i, r = get_client_ip(request, request_header_order=['X_FORWARDED_FOR', 'REMOTE_ADDR'])
Proxy Count - Django server is behind a fixed number of proxies:
i, r = get_client_ip(request, proxy_count=1)
Trusted Proxies - Django server is behind one or more known & trusted proxies:
i, r = get_client_ip(request, proxy_trusted_ips=('177.2.2.2'))
# For multiple proxies, simply add them to the list
i, r = get_client_ip(request, proxy_trusted_ips=('177.2.2.2', '177.3.3.3'))
# For proxies with fixed sub-domain and dynamic IP addresses, use partial pattern
i, r = get_client_ip(request, proxy_trusted_ips=('177.2.', '177.3.'))
注:阅读本通知。
在我的情况下,以上都不行,所以我必须检查uwsgi + django源代码,并在nginx中传递静态参数,看看为什么/如何,下面是我发现的。
Env信息:
Python版本:2.7.5
Django版本:(1,6,6,'final', 0)
Nginx版本:Nginx /1.6.0
uwsgi: 2.0.7
环境设置信息:
Nginx作为反向代理监听端口80
Uwsgi作为上游Unix套接字,将最终响应请求
Django配置信息:
USE_X_FORWARDED_HOST = True # with or without this line does not matter
nginx配置:
uwsgi_param X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
// uwsgi_param X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
// uwsgi_param HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
// hardcode for testing
uwsgi_param X-Forwarded-For "10.10.10.10";
uwsgi_param HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR "20.20.20.20";
获取django应用程序中的所有参数:
X-Forwarded-For : 10.10.10.10
HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR : 20.20.20.20
结论:
所以基本上,你必须在nginx中指定完全相同的字段/参数名,并使用request。django应用程序中的META[字段/参数]
现在你可以决定是添加一个中间件(拦截器),还是在某些视图中解析HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR。