如何在Django中获取用户的IP ?
我的观点是这样的:
# Create your views
from django.contrib.gis.utils import GeoIP
from django.template import RequestContext
from django.shortcuts import render_to_response
def home(request):
g = GeoIP()
client_ip = request.META['REMOTE_ADDR']
lat,long = g.lat_lon(client_ip)
return render_to_response('home_page_tmp.html',locals())
但是我得到了这个错误:
KeyError at /mypage/
'REMOTE_ADDR'
Request Method: GET
Request URL: http://mywebsite.example/mypage/
Django Version: 1.2.4
Exception Type: KeyError
Exception Value:
'REMOTE_ADDR'
Exception Location: /mysite/homepage/views.py in home, line 9
Python Executable: /usr/bin/python
Python Version: 2.6.6
Python Path: ['/mysite', '/usr/local/lib/python2.6/dist-packages/flup-1.0.2-py2.6.egg', '/usr/lib/python2.6', '/usr/lib/python2.6/plat-linux2', '/usr/lib/python2.6/lib-tk', '/usr/lib/python2.6/lib-old', '/usr/lib/python2.6/lib-dynload', '/usr/local/lib/python2.6/dist-packages', '/usr/lib/python2.6/dist-packages', '/usr/lib/pymodules/python2.6']
Server time: Sun, 2 Jan 2011 20:42:50 -0600
django。版本
(2,1,1， 'final'， 0)
请求处理程序
sock=request._stream.stream.raw._sock
#<socket.socket fd=1236, family=AddressFamily.AF_INET, type=SocketKind.SOCK_STREAM, proto=0, laddr=('192.168.1.111', 8000), raddr=('192.168.1.111', 64725)>
client_ip,port=sock.getpeername()
如果你调用以上代码两次，你可能会得到
AttributeError(“_io。BytesIO的对象没有属性“stream”
AttributeError("'LimitedStream'对象没有'raw'属性")
Alexander的回答很好，但是缺少对代理的处理，代理有时会在HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR报头中返回多个IP。
真实IP通常在列表的末尾，如下所示:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X-Forwarded-For
解决方案是对Alexander的代码进行简单的修改:
def get_client_ip(request):
x_forwarded_for = request.META.get('HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR')
if x_forwarded_for:
ip = x_forwarded_for.split(',')[-1].strip()
else:
ip = request.META.get('REMOTE_ADDR')
return ip
在我的情况下，以上都不行，所以我必须检查uwsgi + django源代码，并在nginx中传递静态参数，看看为什么/如何，下面是我发现的。
Env信息:
Python版本:2.7.5
Django版本:(1,6,6，'final'， 0)
Nginx版本:Nginx /1.6.0
uwsgi: 2.0.7
环境设置信息:
Nginx作为反向代理监听端口80
Uwsgi作为上游Unix套接字，将最终响应请求
Django配置信息:
USE_X_FORWARDED_HOST = True # with or without this line does not matter
nginx配置:
uwsgi_param X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
// uwsgi_param X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
// uwsgi_param HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
// hardcode for testing
uwsgi_param X-Forwarded-For "10.10.10.10";
uwsgi_param HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR "20.20.20.20";
获取django应用程序中的所有参数:
X-Forwarded-For : 10.10.10.10
HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR : 20.20.20.20
结论:
所以基本上，你必须在nginx中指定完全相同的字段/参数名，并使用request。django应用程序中的META[字段/参数]
现在你可以决定是添加一个中间件(拦截器)，还是在某些视图中解析HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR。
我在上面的回答中也缺少了代理。我使用get_ip_address_from_request from django_easy_timezones。
from easy_timezones.utils import get_ip_address_from_request, is_valid_ip, is_local_ip
ip = get_ip_address_from_request(request)
try:
if is_valid_ip(ip):
geoip_record = IpRange.objects.by_ip(ip)
except IpRange.DoesNotExist:
return None
这里是方法get_ip_address_from_request, IPv4和IPv6就绪:
def get_ip_address_from_request(request):
""" Makes the best attempt to get the client's real IP or return the loopback """
PRIVATE_IPS_PREFIX = ('10.', '172.', '192.', '127.')
ip_address = ''
x_forwarded_for = request.META.get('HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR', '')
if x_forwarded_for and ',' not in x_forwarded_for:
if not x_forwarded_for.startswith(PRIVATE_IPS_PREFIX) and is_valid_ip(x_forwarded_for):
ip_address = x_forwarded_for.strip()
else:
ips = [ip.strip() for ip in x_forwarded_for.split(',')]
for ip in ips:
if ip.startswith(PRIVATE_IPS_PREFIX):
continue
elif not is_valid_ip(ip):
continue
else:
ip_address = ip
break
if not ip_address:
x_real_ip = request.META.get('HTTP_X_REAL_IP', '')
if x_real_ip:
if not x_real_ip.startswith(PRIVATE_IPS_PREFIX) and is_valid_ip(x_real_ip):
ip_address = x_real_ip.strip()
if not ip_address:
remote_addr = request.META.get('REMOTE_ADDR', '')
if remote_addr:
if not remote_addr.startswith(PRIVATE_IPS_PREFIX) and is_valid_ip(remote_addr):
ip_address = remote_addr.strip()
if not ip_address:
ip_address = '127.0.0.1'
return ip_address
