因为很多程序员使用node。满足这个问题的用例是排除node_modules，除了一个模块module-a，例如:

!node_modules/

node_modules/*
!node_modules/module-a/

我的JetBrains IntelliJ IDEA .gitignore配置，在那里我需要排除整个。IDEA文件夹除了。IDEA /runConfigurations:

.idea
!.idea/
.idea/*
!.idea/runConfigurations/

参见:https://github.com/daggerok/gitignore-idea-runConfigurations

因为很多程序员使用node。满足这个问题的用例是排除node_modules，除了一个模块module-a，例如:

!node_modules/

node_modules/*
!node_modules/module-a/

添加一个额外的答案:

!/.vs/              <== include this folder to source control, folder only, nothing else
/.vs/*              <== but ignore all files and sub-folder inside this folder
!/.vs/ProjectSettings.json <== but include this file to source control
!/.vs/config/       <== then include this folder to source control, folder only, nothing else
!/.vs/config/*      <== then include all files inside the folder

结果如下:

关于这个问题还有很多类似的问题，所以我会把我之前写过的贴出来:

我让这个在我的机器上工作的唯一方法是这样做:

# Ignore all directories, and all sub-directories, and it's contents:
*/*

#Now ignore all files in the current directory 
#(This fails to ignore files without a ".", for example 
#'file.txt' works, but 
#'file' doesn't):
*.*

#Only Include these specific directories and subdirectories:
!wordpress/
!wordpress/*/
!wordpress/*/wp-content/
!wordpress/*/wp-content/themes/
!wordpress/*/wp-content/themes/*
!wordpress/*/wp-content/themes/*/*
!wordpress/*/wp-content/themes/*/*/*
!wordpress/*/wp-content/themes/*/*/*/*
!wordpress/*/wp-content/themes/*/*/*/*/*

请注意，您必须显式地允许您想要包含的每个级别的内容。所以如果我在主题下面有子目录5，我仍然需要拼写出来。

这是@Yarin的评论:https://stackoverflow.com/a/5250314/1696153

这些都是有用的话题:

负模式在。gitignore中是如何工作的? gitignore排除规则实际上是如何工作的?

我也试过

*
*/*
**/**

和* * / wp-content /主题/ * *

或/ wp-content /主题/ * * / *

这些对我也没用。大量的试验和错误!

我想跟踪位于/etc/nagios/中的Nagios配置文件以及/usr/lib64/ Nagios /plugins/中的插件。为此，我在/中初始化了一个git repo，并使用了以下排除列表:

/*
!etc
etc/*
!etc/nagios
!usr
usr/*
!usr/lib64
usr/lib64/*
!usr/lib64/nagios
usr/lib64/nagios/*
!usr/lib64/nagios/plugins

Git像这样遍历列表:

/*             exclude everything under / ...
!etc           but include /etc back
etc/*             exclude everything under /etc/...
!etc/nagios       but include /etc/nagios back
!usr           but include /usr back
usr/*             exclude everything under /usr/...
                  and so on...