比如,我有一个脚本,用这行代码调用:
./myscript -vfd ./foo/bar/someFile -o /fizz/someOtherFile
或者这个:
./myscript -v -f -d -o /fizz/someOtherFile ./foo/bar/someFile
什么是公认的解析方式,以便在每种情况下(或两者的某种组合)$v、$f和$d都将设置为true,而$outFile将等于/fiz/someOtherFile?
比如,我有一个脚本,用这行代码调用:
./myscript -vfd ./foo/bar/someFile -o /fizz/someOtherFile
或者这个:
./myscript -v -f -d -o /fizz/someOtherFile ./foo/bar/someFile
什么是公认的解析方式,以便在每种情况下(或两者的某种组合)$v、$f和$d都将设置为true,而$outFile将等于/fiz/someOtherFile?
当前回答
# As long as there is at least one more argument, keep looping
while [[ $# -gt 0 ]]; do
key="$1"
case "$key" in
# This is a flag type option. Will catch either -f or --foo
-f|--foo)
FOO=1
;;
# Also a flag type option. Will catch either -b or --bar
-b|--bar)
BAR=1
;;
# This is an arg value type option. Will catch -o value or --output-file value
-o|--output-file)
shift # past the key and to the value
OUTPUTFILE="$1"
;;
# This is an arg=value type option. Will catch -o=value or --output-file=value
-o=*|--output-file=*)
# No need to shift here since the value is part of the same string
OUTPUTFILE="${key#*=}"
;;
*)
# Do whatever you want with extra options
echo "Unknown option '$key'"
;;
esac
# Shift after checking all the cases to get the next option
shift
done
这使您既可以使用空格分隔的选项/值,也可以使用相等的定义值。
因此,您可以使用以下命令运行脚本:
./myscript --foo -b -o /fizz/file.txt
以及:
./myscript -f --bar -o=/fizz/file.txt
并且两者应该具有相同的最终结果。
赞成的意见:
允许-arg=value和-arg-value适用于bash中可以使用的任何arg名称意思是-a或-arg或--arg或-ar-g或其他纯粹的狂欢。无需学习/使用getopt或getopts
欺骗:
无法组合参数意思是没有-abc。您必须执行-a-b-c
其他回答
我使用它从末尾迭代key=>值。循环后捕获第一个可选参数。
用法为/script.sh可选的第一个参数-key value-key2 value2
#!/bin/sh
a=$(($#-1))
b=$(($#))
while [ $a -gt 0 ]; do
eval 'key="$'$a'"; value="$'$b'"'
echo "$key => $value"
b=$(($b-2))
a=$(($a-2))
done
unset a b key value
[ $(($#%2)) -ne 0 ] && echo "first_arg = $1"
当然,你可以从左到右做一些改变。
此代码段显示key=>值对和第一个参数(如果存在)。
#!/bin/sh
a=$((1+$#%2))
b=$((1+$a))
[ $(($#%2)) -ne 0 ] && echo "first_arg = $1"
while [ $a -lt $# ]; do
eval 'key="$'$a'"; value="$'$b'"'
echo "$key => $value"
b=$(($b+2))
a=$(($a+2))
done
unset a b key value
测试了100000个参数,速度很快。
您还可以从左到右迭代key=>value和第一个可选arg,而不使用eval:
#!/bin/sh
a=$(($#%2))
b=0
[ $a -eq 1 ] && echo "first_arg = $1"
for value; do
if [ $b -gt $a -a $(($b%2)) -ne $a ]; then
echo "$key => $value"
fi
key="$value"
b=$((1+$b))
done
unset a b key value
假设我们创建一个名为test_args.sh的shell脚本,如下所示
#!/bin/sh
until [ $# -eq 0 ]
do
name=${1:1}; shift;
if [[ -z "$1" || $1 == -* ]] ; then eval "export $name=true"; else eval "export $name=$1"; shift; fi
done
echo "year=$year month=$month day=$day flag=$flag"
运行以下命令后:
sh test_args.sh -year 2017 -flag -month 12 -day 22
输出将是:
year=2017 month=12 day=22 flag=true
我使用前面的答案作为一个起点来整理我以前的即席参数解析。然后我重构了以下模板代码。它使用=或空格分隔的参数以及组合在一起的多个短参数来处理长参数和短参数。最后,它将所有非参数参数重新插入到$1,$2..变量中。
#!/usr/bin/env bash
# NOTICE: Uncomment if your script depends on bashisms.
#if [ -z "$BASH_VERSION" ]; then bash $0 $@ ; exit $? ; fi
echo "Before"
for i ; do echo - $i ; done
# Code template for parsing command line parameters using only portable shell
# code, while handling both long and short params, handling '-f file' and
# '-f=file' style param data and also capturing non-parameters to be inserted
# back into the shell positional parameters.
while [ -n "$1" ]; do
# Copy so we can modify it (can't modify $1)
OPT="$1"
# Detect argument termination
if [ x"$OPT" = x"--" ]; then
shift
for OPT ; do
REMAINS="$REMAINS \"$OPT\""
done
break
fi
# Parse current opt
while [ x"$OPT" != x"-" ] ; do
case "$OPT" in
# Handle --flag=value opts like this
-c=* | --config=* )
CONFIGFILE="${OPT#*=}"
shift
;;
# and --flag value opts like this
-c* | --config )
CONFIGFILE="$2"
shift
;;
-f* | --force )
FORCE=true
;;
-r* | --retry )
RETRY=true
;;
# Anything unknown is recorded for later
* )
REMAINS="$REMAINS \"$OPT\""
break
;;
esac
# Check for multiple short options
# NOTICE: be sure to update this pattern to match valid options
NEXTOPT="${OPT#-[cfr]}" # try removing single short opt
if [ x"$OPT" != x"$NEXTOPT" ] ; then
OPT="-$NEXTOPT" # multiple short opts, keep going
else
break # long form, exit inner loop
fi
done
# Done with that param. move to next
shift
done
# Set the non-parameters back into the positional parameters ($1 $2 ..)
eval set -- $REMAINS
echo -e "After: \n configfile='$CONFIGFILE' \n force='$FORCE' \n retry='$RETRY' \n remains='$REMAINS'"
for i ; do echo - $i ; done
当我尝试这个问题时,上面的答案似乎有点bug——这是我发现更强大的解决方案:
boolean_arg=""
arg_with_value=""
while [[ $# -gt 0 ]]
do
key="$1"
case $key in
-b|--boolean-arg)
boolean_arg=true
shift
;;
-a|--arg-with-value)
arg_with_value="$2"
shift
shift
;;
-*)
echo "Unknown option: $1"
exit 1
;;
*)
arg_num=$(( $arg_num + 1 ))
case $arg_num in
1)
first_normal_arg="$1"
shift
;;
2)
second_normal_arg="$1"
shift
;;
*)
bad_args=TRUE
esac
;;
esac
done
# Handy to have this here when adding arguments to
# see if they're working. Just edit the '0' to be '1'.
if [[ 0 == 1 ]]; then
echo "first_normal_arg: $first_normal_arg"
echo "second_normal_arg: $second_normal_arg"
echo "boolean_arg: $boolean_arg"
echo "arg_with_value: $arg_with_value"
exit 0
fi
if [[ $bad_args == TRUE || $arg_num < 2 ]]; then
echo "Usage: $(basename "$0") <first-normal-arg> <second-normal-arg> [--boolean-arg] [--arg-with-value VALUE]"
exit 1
fi
我想提交我的项目:https://github.com/flyingangel/argparser
source argparser.sh
parse_args "$@"
就这么简单。环境将填充与参数同名的变量