pip install failed with "connection error: [SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED] certificate verify failed (_ssl.c:598)"

我对Python非常陌生，并试图在Windows 7上安装链接检查器。一些注意事项:

pip install is failing no matter the package. For example, > pip install scrapy also results in the SSL error. Vanilla install of Python 3.4.1 included pip 1.5.6. The first thing I tried to do was install linkchecker. Python 2.7 was already installed, it came with ArcGIS. python and pip were not available from the command line until I installed 3.4.1. > pip search linkchecker works. Perhaps that is because pip search does not verify the site's SSL certificate. I am in a company network but we do not go through a proxy to reach the Internet. Each company computer (including mine) has a Trusted Root Certificate Authority that is used for various reasons including enabling monitoring TLS traffic to https://google.com. Not sure if that has anything to do with it.

下面是运行pip install linkchecker后我的pip.log的内容:

Downloading/unpacking linkchecker
  Getting page https://pypi.python.org/simple/linkchecker/
  Could not fetch URL https://pypi.python.org/simple/linkchecker/: connection error: [SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED] certificate verify failed (_ssl.c:598)
  Will skip URL https://pypi.python.org/simple/linkchecker/ when looking for download links for linkchecker
  Getting page https://pypi.python.org/simple/
  Could not fetch URL https://pypi.python.org/simple/: connection error: HTTPSConnectionPool(host='pypi.python.org', port=443): Max retries exceeded with url: /simple/ (Caused by <class 'http.client.CannotSendRequest'>: Request-sent)
  Will skip URL https://pypi.python.org/simple/ when looking for download links for linkchecker
  Cannot fetch index base URL https://pypi.python.org/simple/
  URLs to search for versions for linkchecker:
  * https://pypi.python.org/simple/linkchecker/
  Getting page https://pypi.python.org/simple/linkchecker/
  Could not fetch URL https://pypi.python.org/simple/linkchecker/: connection error: [SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED] certificate verify failed (_ssl.c:598)
  Will skip URL https://pypi.python.org/simple/linkchecker/ when looking for download links for linkchecker
  Could not find any downloads that satisfy the requirement linkchecker
Cleaning up...
  Removing temporary dir C:\Users\jcook\AppData\Local\Temp\pip_build_jcook...
No distributions at all found for linkchecker
Exception information:
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "C:\Python34\lib\site-packages\pip\basecommand.py", line 122, in main
    status = self.run(options, args)
  File "C:\Python34\lib\site-packages\pip\commands\install.py", line 278, in run
    requirement_set.prepare_files(finder, force_root_egg_info=self.bundle, bundle=self.bundle)
  File "C:\Python34\lib\site-packages\pip\req.py", line 1177, in prepare_files
    url = finder.find_requirement(req_to_install, upgrade=self.upgrade)
  File "C:\Python34\lib\site-packages\pip\index.py", line 277, in find_requirement
    raise DistributionNotFound('No distributions at all found for %s' % req)
pip.exceptions.DistributionNotFound: No distributions at all found for linkchecker

当前回答

对我来说，所有建议的方法都不起作用——使用cert、HTTP、trusted-host。

在我的例子中，切换到不同版本的包是可行的(在本例中是paho-mqtt 1.3.1，而不是paho-mqtt 1.3.0)。

看来问题只针对那个版本。

2017-10-13 18:28:16

其他回答

修复了我在OSX上的问题，在终端上运行以下程序:

open "/Applications/Python 3.9/Install Certificates.command"

2022-01-09 07:49:14

简短的回答

如果在家里使用公司的机器时遇到这种情况，在工作时再试一次。

细节

我周末遇到了这个。Pip和conda都坏了，无法安装或更新。SO很有帮助，但在公司机器上，许多答案都有问题——解决方案需要pip install(已经不能工作)或需要下载安装程序(我想下载的安装程序被防火墙设置禁止)。

对我有效的是当我上预科的时候再试一次。这很有效。事实证明，在家庭和工作中使用这台机器时，公司防火墙的设置是不同的。

2020-01-13 20:57:55

如果已经编译了Python，则执行以下操作在Python中启用SSL。

wget --no-check-certificate https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.9.10/Python-3.9.10.tgz
tar -zxf Python-3.9.10.tgz
cd Python-3.9.10
mkdir /home/$USER/tools
export INSTALL_BASE_PATH=/home/$USER/tools

mkdir -p {INSTALL_BASE_PATH}/ssl
vi ./Modules/Setup      # Modify below lines in this file to these

SSL = {INSTALL_BASE_PATH} / SSL _ssl _ssl.c \ -DUSE_SSL -I$(SSL)/include -I$(SSL)/include/openssl \ -L$(SSL)/lib -lssl -lcrypto .使用实例

./configure \
    --prefix=${INSTALL_BASE_PATH} \
    --enable-shared \
    --enable-ipv6 \
    LDFLAGS=-Wl,-rpath=${INSTALL_BASE_PATH}/lib,--disable-new-dtags

make
make install

2022-04-04 06:46:42

使用——cert参数:

您可以使用以下命令指定证书:

pip --cert <path/to/cert>.pem install <package list>

例如:

pip --cert /etc/ssl/certs/FOO_Root_CA.pem install linkchecker

参见:文档»参考指南»pip

如果指定您公司的根证书不起作用，也许cURL证书可以工作:http://curl.haxx.se/ca/cacert.pem

必须使用PEM文件，而不是CRT文件。如果你有一个CRT文件，你将需要将文件转换为PEM。评论中有报告说，这现在与CRT文件一起工作，但我还没有验证。

还要检查:SSL证书验证。

2014-09-26 14:59:52

您可以尝试使用http而不是https来绕过SSL错误。当然，这在安全性方面并不是最优的，但如果你赶时间，它应该可以做到:

pip install --index-url=http://pypi.python.org/simple/ linkchecker

2014-10-03 13:01:03

pip install failed with "connection error: [SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED] certificate verify failed (_ssl.c:598)"

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