pip install failed with "connection error: [SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED] certificate verify failed (_ssl.c:598)"

我对Python非常陌生，并试图在Windows 7上安装链接检查器。一些注意事项:

pip install is failing no matter the package. For example, > pip install scrapy also results in the SSL error. Vanilla install of Python 3.4.1 included pip 1.5.6. The first thing I tried to do was install linkchecker. Python 2.7 was already installed, it came with ArcGIS. python and pip were not available from the command line until I installed 3.4.1. > pip search linkchecker works. Perhaps that is because pip search does not verify the site's SSL certificate. I am in a company network but we do not go through a proxy to reach the Internet. Each company computer (including mine) has a Trusted Root Certificate Authority that is used for various reasons including enabling monitoring TLS traffic to https://google.com. Not sure if that has anything to do with it.

下面是运行pip install linkchecker后我的pip.log的内容:

Downloading/unpacking linkchecker
  Getting page https://pypi.python.org/simple/linkchecker/
  Could not fetch URL https://pypi.python.org/simple/linkchecker/: connection error: [SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED] certificate verify failed (_ssl.c:598)
  Will skip URL https://pypi.python.org/simple/linkchecker/ when looking for download links for linkchecker
  Getting page https://pypi.python.org/simple/
  Could not fetch URL https://pypi.python.org/simple/: connection error: HTTPSConnectionPool(host='pypi.python.org', port=443): Max retries exceeded with url: /simple/ (Caused by <class 'http.client.CannotSendRequest'>: Request-sent)
  Will skip URL https://pypi.python.org/simple/ when looking for download links for linkchecker
  Cannot fetch index base URL https://pypi.python.org/simple/
  URLs to search for versions for linkchecker:
  * https://pypi.python.org/simple/linkchecker/
  Getting page https://pypi.python.org/simple/linkchecker/
  Could not fetch URL https://pypi.python.org/simple/linkchecker/: connection error: [SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED] certificate verify failed (_ssl.c:598)
  Will skip URL https://pypi.python.org/simple/linkchecker/ when looking for download links for linkchecker
  Could not find any downloads that satisfy the requirement linkchecker
Cleaning up...
  Removing temporary dir C:\Users\jcook\AppData\Local\Temp\pip_build_jcook...
No distributions at all found for linkchecker
Exception information:
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "C:\Python34\lib\site-packages\pip\basecommand.py", line 122, in main
    status = self.run(options, args)
  File "C:\Python34\lib\site-packages\pip\commands\install.py", line 278, in run
    requirement_set.prepare_files(finder, force_root_egg_info=self.bundle, bundle=self.bundle)
  File "C:\Python34\lib\site-packages\pip\req.py", line 1177, in prepare_files
    url = finder.find_requirement(req_to_install, upgrade=self.upgrade)
  File "C:\Python34\lib\site-packages\pip\index.py", line 277, in find_requirement
    raise DistributionNotFound('No distributions at all found for %s' % req)
pip.exceptions.DistributionNotFound: No distributions at all found for linkchecker

当前回答

TLDR:

pip install --trusted-host pypi.org --trusted-host pypi.python.org --trusted-host files.pythonhosted.org -r requirements.txt -vvv

pip install --trusted-host pypi.org --trusted-host pypi.python.org --trusted-host files.pythonhosted.org <packageName> -vvv

所以，我已经有了30多个问题的答案，但在2020年6月(封锁期间)，什么都对我没用。这些都是在过去的不同时刻被给予的。我将努力让这个答案在未来的任何时候都适用。问题是，当pip安装包时，它会尝试连接存储包的主机URL，并且在下载时不相信URL。

有两种方法可以解决这个问题: 容易的，不安全的: 1. 检查哪个URL被pip击中下载包。

pip install <packageName> -vvv

如果你仔细检查输出，你会发现它可能会指向一些URL，比如pypi.org或者pypi.python.org。

如果是，只需添加可信主机选项到命令如下:

pip install --trusted-host pypi.org --trusted-host pypi.python.org --trusted-host files.pythonhosted.org <packageName> -vvv

或者如果你使用的是需求文件:

pip install --trusted-host pypi.org --trusted-host pypi.python.org --trusted-host files.pythonhosted.org -r requirements.txt -vvv

安全的方法:

转到这些URL并下载它们的公共证书(只要谷歌如何下载)，创建一个链，将其存储为.pem文件，并运行以下命令:

pip --cert YourPemFile.pem install <packageName>

2020-06-19 11:25:08

其他回答

为了一劳永逸地解决这个问题，您可以验证您有一个pip.conf文件。

根据文档，这是你的pip.conf应该在的地方:

在Unix上，默认的配置文件是:$HOME/.config/pip/pip.conf，它尊重XDG_CONFIG_HOME环境变量。在macOS上，如果$HOME/Library/Application Support/pip目录存在，则配置文件为$HOME/.config/pip/pip.conf 在Windows上，配置文件是%APPDATA%\pip\pip.ini。

在virtualenv内部:

在Unix和macOS上，文件是$VIRTUAL_ENV/pip.conf 在Windows上，文件是:%VIRTUAL_ENV%\pip.ini

你的pip.conf应该是这样的:

[global]
trusted-host = pypi.python.org

pip install linkchecker在我创建pip.conf文件后安装linkchecker，没有抱怨。

2017-09-25 17:23:26

TLDR:

pip install --trusted-host pypi.org --trusted-host pypi.python.org --trusted-host files.pythonhosted.org -r requirements.txt -vvv

pip install --trusted-host pypi.org --trusted-host pypi.python.org --trusted-host files.pythonhosted.org <packageName> -vvv

有两种方法可以解决这个问题: 容易的，不安全的: 1. 检查哪个URL被pip击中下载包。

pip install <packageName> -vvv

如果你仔细检查输出，你会发现它可能会指向一些URL，比如pypi.org或者pypi.python.org。

如果是，只需添加可信主机选项到命令如下:

pip install --trusted-host pypi.org --trusted-host pypi.python.org --trusted-host files.pythonhosted.org <packageName> -vvv

或者如果你使用的是需求文件:

pip install --trusted-host pypi.org --trusted-host pypi.python.org --trusted-host files.pythonhosted.org -r requirements.txt -vvv

安全的方法:

转到这些URL并下载它们的公共证书(只要谷歌如何下载)，创建一个链，将其存储为.pem文件，并运行以下命令:

pip --cert YourPemFile.pem install <packageName>

2020-06-19 11:25:08

在安装任何其他包之前运行PIP安装证书解决了我的问题

2021-03-08 09:08:48

Kenorb的回答非常有用(而且很棒!) 在他的解决方案中，这可能是最简单的一个: ——可信主机

例如，在这种情况下你可以这样做

pip install --trusted-host pypi.python.org linkchecker

pem文件(或任何其他文件)是不必要的。

2016-10-24 07:50:36

要使用的答案

pip install --trusted-host pypi.python.org <package>

工作。但你必须检查是否有重定向或缓存pip正在击中。在安装了pip 9.0.1的Windows 7上，我必须运行

pip install \
  --trusted-host pypi.python.org \
  --trusted-host pypi.org \
  --trusted-host files.pythonhosted.org \
  <package>

您可以使用verbose标志找到这些。

2018-04-25 19:46:46

pip install failed with "connection error: [SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED] certificate verify failed (_ssl.c:598)"

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