你可以把它翻转过来，在setup.py中列出依赖项，并只有一个字符——一个点。-在requirements.txt中。

或者，即使不建议，仍然可以使用以下hack(用pip 9.0.1测试)解析requirements.txt文件(如果它没有通过URL引用任何外部需求):

install_reqs = parse_requirements('requirements.txt', session='hack')

但是这并不能过滤环境标记。

在pip的旧版本中，特别是6.0以上的版本中，可以使用一个公共API来实现这一点。需求文件可以包含注释(#)，也可以包含一些其他文件(——requirement或-r)。因此，如果你真的想解析一个requirements.txt文件，你可以使用pip解析器:

from pip.req import parse_requirements

# parse_requirements() returns generator of pip.req.InstallRequirement objects
install_reqs = parse_requirements(<requirements_path>)

# reqs is a list of requirement
# e.g. ['django==1.5.1', 'mezzanine==1.4.6']
reqs = [str(ir.req) for ir in install_reqs]

setup(
    ...
    install_requires=reqs
)

我为此创建了一个可重用函数。它实际上解析需求文件的整个目录，并将它们设置为extras_require。

最新消息请访问:https://gist.github.com/akatrevorjay/293c26fefa24a7b812f5

import glob
import itertools
import os

# This is getting ridiculous
try:
    from pip._internal.req import parse_requirements
    from pip._internal.network.session import PipSession
except ImportError:
    try:
        from pip._internal.req import parse_requirements
        from pip._internal.download import PipSession
    except ImportError:
        from pip.req import parse_requirements
        from pip.download import PipSession


def setup_requirements(
        patterns=[
            'requirements.txt', 'requirements/*.txt', 'requirements/*.pip'
        ],
        combine=True):
    """
    Parse a glob of requirements and return a dictionary of setup() options.
    Create a dictionary that holds your options to setup() and update it using this.
    Pass that as kwargs into setup(), viola

    Any files that are not a standard option name (ie install, tests, setup) are added to extras_require with their
    basename minus ext. An extra key is added to extras_require: 'all', that contains all distinct reqs combined.

    Keep in mind all literally contains `all` packages in your extras.
    This means if you have conflicting packages across your extras, then you're going to have a bad time.
    (don't use all in these cases.)

    If you're running this for a Docker build, set `combine=True`.
    This will set `install_requires` to all distinct reqs combined.

    Example:

    >>> import setuptools
    >>> _conf = dict(
    ...     name='mainline',
    ...     version='0.0.1',
    ...     description='Mainline',
    ...     author='Trevor Joynson <github@trevor.joynson,io>',
    ...     url='https://trevor.joynson.io',
    ...     namespace_packages=['mainline'],
    ...     packages=setuptools.find_packages(),
    ...     zip_safe=False,
    ...     include_package_data=True,
    ... )
    >>> _conf.update(setup_requirements())
    >>> # setuptools.setup(**_conf)

    :param str pattern: Glob pattern to find requirements files
    :param bool combine: Set True to set install_requires to extras_require['all']
    :return dict: Dictionary of parsed setup() options
    """
    session = PipSession()

    # Handle setuptools insanity
    key_map = {
        'requirements': 'install_requires',
        'install': 'install_requires',
        'tests': 'tests_require',
        'setup': 'setup_requires',
    }
    ret = {v: set() for v in key_map.values()}
    extras = ret['extras_require'] = {}
    all_reqs = set()

    files = [glob.glob(pat) for pat in patterns]
    files = itertools.chain(*files)

    for full_fn in files:
        # Parse
        reqs = {
            str(r.req)
            for r in parse_requirements(full_fn, session=session)
            # Must match env marker, eg:
            #   yarl ; python_version >= '3.0'
            if r.match_markers()
        }
        all_reqs.update(reqs)

        # Add in the right section
        fn = os.path.basename(full_fn)
        barefn, _ = os.path.splitext(fn)
        key = key_map.get(barefn)

        if key:
            ret[key].update(reqs)
            extras[key] = reqs

        extras[barefn] = reqs

    if 'all' not in extras:
        extras['all'] = list(all_reqs)

    if combine:
        extras['install'] = ret['install_requires']
        ret['install_requires'] = list(all_reqs)

    def _listify(dikt):
        ret = {}

        for k, v in dikt.items():
            if isinstance(v, set):
                v = list(v)
            elif isinstance(v, dict):
                v = _listify(v)
            ret[k] = v

        return ret

    ret = _listify(ret)

    return ret


__all__ = ['setup_requirements']

if __name__ == '__main__':
    reqs = setup_requirements()
    print(reqs)

需求文件使用扩展的pip格式，这只在您需要用更强的约束来补充setup.py时有用，例如指定某些依赖项必须来自的确切url，或者pip freeze的输出将整个包集冻结为已知的工作版本。如果不需要额外的约束，则只使用setup.py。如果你觉得你真的需要发布一个requirements.txt，你可以让它变成一行:

.

它将是有效的，并准确地引用同一目录下的setup.py的内容。

交叉张贴我从这个SO问题的答案，另一个简单的，pip版本证明解决方案。

try:  # for pip >= 10
    from pip._internal.req import parse_requirements
    from pip._internal.download import PipSession
except ImportError:  # for pip <= 9.0.3
    from pip.req import parse_requirements
    from pip.download import PipSession

requirements = parse_requirements(os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), 'requirements.txt'), session=PipSession())

if __name__ == '__main__':
    setup(
        ...
        install_requires=[str(requirement.req) for requirement in requirements],
        ...
    )

然后把所有的需求放在项目根目录下的requirements.txt下。

另一个可能的解决方案……

def gather_requirements(top_path=None):
    """Captures requirements from repo.

    Expected file format is: requirements[-_]<optional-extras>.txt

    For example:

        pip install -e .[foo]

    Would require:

        requirements-foo.txt

        or

        requirements_foo.txt

    """
    from pip.download import PipSession
    from pip.req import parse_requirements
    import re

    session = PipSession()
    top_path = top_path or os.path.realpath(os.getcwd())
    extras = {}
    for filepath in tree(top_path):
        filename = os.path.basename(filepath)
        basename, ext = os.path.splitext(filename)
        if ext == '.txt' and basename.startswith('requirements'):
            if filename == 'requirements.txt':
                extra_name = 'requirements'
            else:
                _, extra_name = re.split(r'[-_]', basename, 1)
            if extra_name:
                reqs = [str(ir.req) for ir in parse_requirements(filepath, session=session)]
                extras.setdefault(extra_name, []).extend(reqs)
    all_reqs = set()
    for key, values in extras.items():
        all_reqs.update(values)
    extras['all'] = list(all_reqs)
    return extras

然后使用…

reqs = gather_requirements()
install_reqs = reqs.pop('requirements', [])
test_reqs = reqs.pop('test', [])
...
setup(
    ...
    'install_requires': install_reqs,
    'test_requires': test_reqs,
    'extras_require': reqs,
    ...
)

如果你不想强迫你的用户安装pip，你可以模仿它的行为:

import sys

from os import path as p

try:
    from setuptools import setup, find_packages
except ImportError:
    from distutils.core import setup, find_packages


def read(filename, parent=None):
    parent = (parent or __file__)

    try:
        with open(p.join(p.dirname(parent), filename)) as f:
            return f.read()
    except IOError:
        return ''


def parse_requirements(filename, parent=None):
    parent = (parent or __file__)
    filepath = p.join(p.dirname(parent), filename)
    content = read(filename, parent)

    for line_number, line in enumerate(content.splitlines(), 1):
        candidate = line.strip()

        if candidate.startswith('-r'):
            for item in parse_requirements(candidate[2:].strip(), filepath):
                yield item
        else:
            yield candidate

setup(
...
    install_requires=list(parse_requirements('requirements.txt'))
)