更新:访问这个页面，8年后，在很长一段时间没有接触c#之后，看起来我的答案不再是最好的解决方案。我非常喜欢与属性-函数绑定的转换器解决方案。

如果你正在阅读这篇文章，请确保你也查看了其他答案。(提示:它们在这个上面)

和你们大多数人一样，我非常喜欢Jakub Šturc所选的答案，但我也非常讨厌复制粘贴代码，并尽可能少地这样做。

因此，我决定使用一个EnumBase类，从其中继承/内置大部分功能，从而使我能够专注于内容而不是行为。

这种方法的主要问题是基于这样一个事实，即尽管Enum值是类型安全的实例，但交互是与Enum Class类型的静态实现进行的。 所以在泛型魔法的帮助下，我想我终于得到了正确的组合。 希望有人能像我一样觉得这个有用。

我将从Jakub的例子开始，但是使用继承和泛型:

public sealed class AuthenticationMethod : EnumBase<AuthenticationMethod, int>
{
    public static readonly AuthenticationMethod FORMS =
        new AuthenticationMethod(1, "FORMS");
    public static readonly AuthenticationMethod WINDOWSAUTHENTICATION =
        new AuthenticationMethod(2, "WINDOWS");
    public static readonly AuthenticationMethod SINGLESIGNON =
        new AuthenticationMethod(3, "SSN");

    private AuthenticationMethod(int Value, String Name)
        : base( Value, Name ) { }
    public new static IEnumerable<AuthenticationMethod> All
    { get { return EnumBase<AuthenticationMethod, int>.All; } }
    public static explicit operator AuthenticationMethod(string str)
    { return Parse(str); }
}

这里是基类:

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq; // for the .AsEnumerable() method call

// E is the derived type-safe-enum class
// - this allows all static members to be truly unique to the specific
//   derived class
public class EnumBase<E, T> where E: EnumBase<E, T>
{
    #region Instance code
    public T Value { get; private set; }
    public string Name { get; private set; }

    protected EnumBase(T EnumValue, string Name)
    {
        Value = EnumValue;
        this.Name = Name;
        mapping.Add(Name, this);
    }

    public override string ToString() { return Name; }
    #endregion

    #region Static tools
    static private readonly Dictionary<string, EnumBase<E, T>> mapping;
    static EnumBase() { mapping = new Dictionary<string, EnumBase<E, T>>(); }
    protected static E Parse(string name)
    {
        EnumBase<E, T> result;
        if (mapping.TryGetValue(name, out result))
        {
            return (E)result;
        }

        throw new InvalidCastException();
    }
    // This is protected to force the child class to expose it's own static
    // method.
    // By recreating this static method at the derived class, static
    // initialization will be explicit, promising the mapping dictionary
    // will never be empty when this method is called.
    protected static IEnumerable<E> All
    { get { return mapping.Values.AsEnumerable().Cast<E>(); } }
    #endregion
}

我使用一个扩展方法:

public static class AttributesHelperExtension
    {
        public static string ToDescription(this Enum value)
        {
            var da = (DescriptionAttribute[])(value.GetType().GetField(value.ToString())).GetCustomAttributes(typeof(DescriptionAttribute), false);
            return da.Length > 0 ? da[0].Description : value.ToString();
        }
}

现在用:

public enum AuthenticationMethod
{
    [Description("FORMS")]
    FORMS = 1,
    [Description("WINDOWSAUTHENTICATION")]
    WINDOWSAUTHENTICATION = 2,
    [Description("SINGLESIGNON ")]
    SINGLESIGNON = 3
}

当你打电话时

AuthenticationMethod.FORMS.ToDescription()将得到“FORMS”。

在你的问题中，你从未说过你实际上需要枚举的数值。

如果你不这样做，只是需要一个string类型的枚举(这不是一个整型，所以不能是enum的基)这里有一个方法:

    static class AuthenticationMethod
    {
        public static readonly string
            FORMS = "Forms",
            WINDOWSAUTHENTICATION = "WindowsAuthentication";
    }

您可以使用与enum相同的语法来引用它

if (bla == AuthenticationMethod.FORMS)

它将比使用数值(比较字符串而不是数字)稍微慢一些，但从好的方面来看，它不使用反射(慢)来访问字符串。

如果你想一下我们要解决的问题，它根本不是我们需要的枚举。我们需要一个对象，它允许一定数量的值相互关联;换句话说，定义一个类。

Jakub Šturc的类型安全enum模式是我在这里看到的最佳选择。

看看它:

它有一个私有构造函数，因此只有类本身可以定义允许的值。 它是一个密封类，因此不能通过继承修改值。 它是类型安全的，允许您的方法只需要该类型。 访问这些值不会对反射性能造成影响。 最后，可以修改它以将两个以上的字段关联在一起，例如Name、Description和numeric Value。

试试type-safe-enum模式。

public sealed class AuthenticationMethod {

    private readonly String name;
    private readonly int value;

    public static readonly AuthenticationMethod FORMS = new AuthenticationMethod (1, "FORMS");
    public static readonly AuthenticationMethod WINDOWSAUTHENTICATION = new AuthenticationMethod (2, "WINDOWS");
    public static readonly AuthenticationMethod SINGLESIGNON = new AuthenticationMethod (3, "SSN");        

    private AuthenticationMethod(int value, String name){
        this.name = name;
        this.value = value;
    }

    public override String ToString(){
        return name;
    }

}

更新 显式(或隐式)类型转换可以通过

adding static field with mapping private static readonly Dictionary<string, AuthenticationMethod> instance = new Dictionary<string,AuthenticationMethod>(); n.b. In order that the initialisation of the the "enum member" fields doesn't throw a NullReferenceException when calling the instance constructor, be sure to put the Dictionary field before the "enum member" fields in your class. This is because static field initialisers are called in declaration order, and before the static constructor, creating the weird and necessary but confusing situation that the instance constructor can be called before all static fields have been initialised, and before the static constructor is called. filling this mapping in instance constructor instance[name] = this; and adding user-defined type conversion operator public static explicit operator AuthenticationMethod(string str) { AuthenticationMethod result; if (instance.TryGetValue(str, out result)) return result; else throw new InvalidCastException(); }

对于较大的字符串enum集，列出的示例可能会变得令人厌烦。如果您想要一个状态代码列表，或者其他基于字符串的枚举列表，那么属性系统使用起来很麻烦，而带有自身实例的静态类配置起来也很麻烦。对于我自己的解决方案，我使用了T4模板，以便更容易地使用字符串支持的枚举。结果与HttpMethod类的工作方式类似。

你可以这样使用它:

    string statusCode = ResponseStatusCode.SUCCESS; // Automatically converts to string when needed
    ResponseStatusCode codeByValueOf = ResponseStatusCode.ValueOf(statusCode); // Returns null if not found

    // Implements TypeConverter so you can use it with string conversion methods.
    var converter = System.ComponentModel.TypeDescriptor.GetConverter(typeof(ResponseStatusCode));
    ResponseStatusCode code = (ResponseStatusCode) converter.ConvertFromInvariantString(statusCode);

    // You can get a full list of the values
    bool canIterateOverValues = ResponseStatusCode.Values.Any(); 

    // Comparisons are by value of the "Name" property. Not by memory pointer location.
    bool implementsByValueEqualsEqualsOperator = "SUCCESS" == ResponseStatusCode.SUCCESS; 

你从Enum开始。tt文件。

<#@ include file="StringEnum.ttinclude" #>


<#+
public static class Configuration
{
    public static readonly string Namespace = "YourName.Space";
    public static readonly string EnumName = "ResponseStatusCode";
    public static readonly bool IncludeComments = true;

    public static readonly object Nodes = new
    {
        SUCCESS = "The response was successful.",
        NON_SUCCESS = "The request was not successful.",
        RESOURCE_IS_DISCONTINUED = "The resource requested has been discontinued and can no longer be accessed."
    };
}
#>

然后，添加StringEnum。ttinclude文件。

<#@ template debug="false" hostspecific="false" language="C#" #>
<#@ assembly name="System.Core" #>
<#@ import namespace="System" #>
<#@ import namespace="System.Linq" #>
<#@ import namespace="System.Text" #>
<#@ import namespace="System.Reflection" #>
<#@ import namespace="System.Collections.Generic" #>
<#@ output extension=".cs" #>
<#@ CleanupBehavior processor="T4VSHost" CleanupAfterProcessingtemplate="true" #>

//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// <auto-generated>
//     This code was generated by a tool.
//
//     Changes to this file may cause incorrect behavior and will be lost if
//     the code is regenerated.
// </auto-generated>
//------------------------------------------------------------------------------

using System;
using System.Linq;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Globalization;

namespace <#= Configuration.Namespace #>
{
    /// <summary>
    /// TypeConverter implementations allow you to use features like string.ToNullable(T).
    /// </summary>
    public class <#= Configuration.EnumName #>TypeConverter : TypeConverter
    {
        public override bool CanConvertFrom(ITypeDescriptorContext context, Type sourceType)
        {
            return sourceType == typeof(string) || base.CanConvertFrom(context, sourceType);
        }

        public override object ConvertFrom(ITypeDescriptorContext context, CultureInfo culture, object value)
        {
            var casted = value as string;

            if (casted != null)
            {
                var result = <#= Configuration.EnumName #>.ValueOf(casted);
                if (result != null)
                {
                    return result;
                }
            }

            return base.ConvertFrom(context, culture, value);
        }

        public override object ConvertTo(ITypeDescriptorContext context, CultureInfo culture, object value, Type destinationType)
        {
            var casted = value as <#= Configuration.EnumName #>;
            if (casted != null && destinationType == typeof(string))
            {
                return casted.ToString();
            }

            return base.ConvertTo(context, culture, value, destinationType);
        }
    }

    [TypeConverter(typeof(<#= Configuration.EnumName #>TypeConverter))]
    public class <#= Configuration.EnumName #> : IEquatable<<#= Configuration.EnumName #>>
    {
//---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// V A L U E S _ L I S T
//---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
<# Write(Helpers.PrintEnumProperties(Configuration.Nodes)); #>

        private static List<<#= Configuration.EnumName #>> _list { get; set; } = null;
        public static List<<#= Configuration.EnumName #>> ToList()
        {
            if (_list == null)
            {
                _list = typeof(<#= Configuration.EnumName #>).GetFields().Where(x => x.IsStatic && x.IsPublic && x.FieldType == typeof(<#= Configuration.EnumName #>))
                    .Select(x => x.GetValue(null)).OfType<<#= Configuration.EnumName #>>().ToList();
            }

            return _list;
        }

        public static List<<#= Configuration.EnumName #>> Values()
        {
            return ToList();
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Returns the enum value based on the matching Name of the enum. Case-insensitive search.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="key"></param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public static <#= Configuration.EnumName #> ValueOf(string key)
        {
            return ToList().FirstOrDefault(x => string.Compare(x.Name, key, true) == 0);
        }


//---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// I N S T A N C E _ D E F I N I T I O N
//---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------      
        public string Name { get; private set; }
        public string Description { get; private set; }
        public override string ToString() { return this.Name; }

        /// <summary>
        /// Implcitly converts to string.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="d"></param>
        public static implicit operator string(<#= Configuration.EnumName #> d)
        {
            return d.ToString();
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Compares based on the == method. Handles nulls gracefully.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="a"></param>
        /// <param name="b"></param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public static bool operator !=(<#= Configuration.EnumName #> a, <#= Configuration.EnumName #> b)
        {
            return !(a == b);
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Compares based on the .Equals method. Handles nulls gracefully.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="a"></param>
        /// <param name="b"></param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public static bool operator ==(<#= Configuration.EnumName #> a, <#= Configuration.EnumName #> b)
        {
            return a?.ToString() == b?.ToString();
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Compares based on the .ToString() method
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="o"></param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public override bool Equals(object o)
        {
            return this.ToString() == o?.ToString();
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Compares based on the .ToString() method
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="other"></param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public bool Equals(<#= Configuration.EnumName #> other)
        {
            return this.ToString() == other?.ToString();
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Compares based on the .Name property
        /// </summary>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public override int GetHashCode()
        {
            return this.Name.GetHashCode();
        }
    }
}

<#+

public static class Helpers
{
        public static string PrintEnumProperties(object nodes)
        {
            string o = "";
            Type nodesTp = Configuration.Nodes.GetType();
            PropertyInfo[] props = nodesTp.GetProperties().OrderBy(p => p.Name).ToArray();

            for(int i = 0; i < props.Length; i++)
            {
                var prop = props[i];
                if (Configuration.IncludeComments)
                {
                    o += "\r\n\r\n";
                    o += "\r\n        ///<summary>";
                    o += "\r\n        /// "+Helpers.PrintPropertyValue(prop, Configuration.Nodes);
                    o += "\r\n        ///</summary>";
                }

                o += "\r\n        public static readonly "+Configuration.EnumName+" "+prop.Name+ " = new "+Configuration.EnumName+"(){ Name = \""+prop.Name+"\", Description = "+Helpers.PrintPropertyValue(prop, Configuration.Nodes)+ "};";
            }

            o += "\r\n\r\n";

            return o;
        }

        private static Dictionary<string, string> GetValuesMap()
        {
            Type nodesTp = Configuration.Nodes.GetType();
            PropertyInfo[] props= nodesTp.GetProperties();
            var dic = new Dictionary<string,string>();
            for(int i = 0; i < props.Length; i++)
            {
                var prop = nodesTp.GetProperties()[i];
                dic[prop.Name] = prop.GetValue(Configuration.Nodes).ToString();
            }
            return dic;
        }

        public static string PrintMasterValuesMap(object nodes)
        {
            Type nodesTp = Configuration.Nodes.GetType();
            PropertyInfo[] props= nodesTp.GetProperties();
            string o = "        private static readonly Dictionary<string, string> ValuesMap = new Dictionary<string, string>()\r\n        {";
            for(int i = 0; i < props.Length; i++)
            {
                var prop = nodesTp.GetProperties()[i];
                o += "\r\n            { \""+prop.Name+"\", "+(Helpers.PrintPropertyValue(prop,Configuration.Nodes)+" },");
            }
            o += ("\r\n        };\r\n");

            return o;
        }


        public static string PrintPropertyValue(PropertyInfo prop, object objInstance)
        {
            switch(prop.PropertyType.ToString()){
                case "System.Double":
                    return prop.GetValue(objInstance).ToString()+"D";
                case "System.Float":
                    return prop.GetValue(objInstance).ToString()+"F";
                case "System.Decimal":
                    return prop.GetValue(objInstance).ToString()+"M";
                case "System.Long":
                    return prop.GetValue(objInstance).ToString()+"L";
                case "System.Boolean":
                case "System.Int16":
                case "System.Int32":
                    return prop.GetValue(objInstance).ToString().ToLowerInvariant();
                case "System.String":
                    return "\""+prop.GetValue(objInstance)+"\"";
            }

            return prop.GetValue(objInstance).ToString();
        }

        public static string _ (int numSpaces)
        {
            string o = "";
            for(int i = 0; i < numSpaces; i++){
                o += " ";
            }

            return o;
        }
}
#>

最后，重新编译Enum。Tt文件，输出如下所示:

//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// <auto-generated>
//     This code was generated by a tool.
//
//     Changes to this file may cause incorrect behavior and will be lost if
//     the code is regenerated.
// </auto-generated>
//------------------------------------------------------------------------------

using System;
using System.Linq;
using System.Collections.Generic;

namespace YourName.Space
{
    public class ResponseStatusCode
    {
//---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// V A L U E S _ L I S T 
//---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------



        ///<summary>
        /// "The response was successful."
        ///</summary>
        public static readonly ResponseStatusCode SUCCESS = new ResponseStatusCode(){ Name = "SUCCESS", Description = "The response was successful."};


        ///<summary>
        /// "The request was not successful."
        ///</summary>
        public static readonly ResponseStatusCode NON_SUCCESS = new ResponseStatusCode(){ Name = "NON_SUCCESS", Description = "The request was not successful."};


        ///<summary>
        /// "The resource requested has been discontinued and can no longer be accessed."
        ///</summary>
        public static readonly ResponseStatusCode RESOURCE_IS_DISCONTINUED = new ResponseStatusCode(){ Name = "RESOURCE_IS_DISCONTINUED", Description = "The resource requested has been discontinued and can no longer be accessed."};


        private static List<ResponseStatusCode> _list { get; set; } = null;
        public static List<ResponseStatusCode> ToList()
        {
            if (_list == null)
            {
                _list = typeof(ResponseStatusCode).GetFields().Where(x => x.IsStatic && x.IsPublic && x.FieldType == typeof(ResponseStatusCode))
                    .Select(x => x.GetValue(null)).OfType<ResponseStatusCode>().ToList();
            }

            return _list;
        }

        public static List<ResponseStatusCode> Values()
        {
            return ToList();
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Returns the enum value based on the matching Name of the enum. Case-insensitive search.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="key"></param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public static ResponseStatusCode ValueOf(string key)
        {
            return ToList().FirstOrDefault(x => string.Compare(x.Name, key, true) == 0);
        }


//---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// I N S T A N C E _ D E F I N I T I O N 
//---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------       
        public string Name { get; set; }
        public string Description { get; set; }
        public override string ToString() { return this.Name; }

        /// <summary>
        /// Implcitly converts to string.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="d"></param>
        public static implicit operator string(ResponseStatusCode d)
        {
            return d.ToString();
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Compares based on the == method. Handles nulls gracefully.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="a"></param>
        /// <param name="b"></param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public static bool operator !=(ResponseStatusCode a, ResponseStatusCode b)
        {
            return !(a == b);
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Compares based on the .Equals method. Handles nulls gracefully.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="a"></param>
        /// <param name="b"></param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public static bool operator ==(ResponseStatusCode a, ResponseStatusCode b)
        {
            return a?.ToString() == b?.ToString();
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Compares based on the .ToString() method
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="o"></param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public override bool Equals(object o)
        {
            return this.ToString() == o?.ToString();
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Compares based on the .Name property
        /// </summary>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public override int GetHashCode()
        {
            return this.Name.GetHashCode();
        }
    }
}