我有一个PHP脚本,可以将PNG图像编码为Base64字符串。
我想用JavaScript做同样的事情。我知道如何打开文件,但我不知道如何进行编码。我不习惯使用二进制数据。
我有一个PHP脚本,可以将PNG图像编码为Base64字符串。
我想用JavaScript做同样的事情。我知道如何打开文件,但我不知道如何进行编码。我不习惯使用二进制数据。
当前回答
你可以用window。Btoa和window.atob…
const encoded = window.btoa('Alireza Dezfoolian'); // encode a string
const decoded = window.atob(encoded); // decode the string
也许使用MDN的方式可以最好地完成你的工作…也接受Unicode…使用这两个简单的函数:
// UCS-2 string to Base64 encoded ASCII
function utoa(str) {
return window.btoa(unescape(encodeURIComponent(str)));
}
// Base64 encoded ASCII to UCS-2 string
function atou(str) {
return decodeURIComponent(escape(window.atob(str)));
}
// Usage:
utoa('✓ à la mode'); // 4pyTIMOgIGxhIG1vZGU=
atou('4pyTIMOgIGxhIG1vZGU='); // "✓ à la mode"
utoa('I \u2661 Unicode!'); // SSDimaEgVW5pY29kZSE=
atou('SSDimaEgVW5pY29kZSE='); // "I ♡ Unicode!"
其他回答
您可以使用btoa(从Base64)和atob(从Base64)。
对于ie9及以下版本,请尝试jquery-base64插件:
$.base64.encode("this is a test");
$.base64.decode("dGhpcyBpcyBhIHRlc3Q=");
在_utf8_decode的两个实现中都有一些错误。C1和c2由于var语句的错误使用被赋值为全局变量,c3根本没有初始化或声明。
它可以工作,但这些变量将覆盖该函数之外的任何具有相同名称的现有变量。
这里有一个版本不会这样做:
// private method for UTF-8 decoding
_utf8_decode : function (utftext) {
var string = "";
var i = 0;
var c = 0, c1 = 0, c2 = 0;
while ( i < utftext.length ) {
c = utftext.charCodeAt(i);
if (c < 128) {
string += String.fromCharCode(c);
i++;
}
else if((c > 191) && (c < 224)) {
c1 = utftext.charCodeAt(i+1);
string += String.fromCharCode(((c & 31) << 6) | (c1 & 63));
i += 2;
}
else {
c1 = utftext.charCodeAt(i+1);
c2 = utftext.charCodeAt(i+2);
string += String.fromCharCode(((c & 15) << 12) | ((c1 & 63) << 6) | (c2 & 63));
i += 3;
}
}
return string;
}
如果你想简单快速地编码base 64,而不考虑可能的兼容性问题,你可以使用turbocommons库。只需下载压缩后的js文件并编写以下代码:
<script src="../yourpathtothelibrary/turbocommons-es5.js"></script>
<script>
var ConversionUtils = org_turbocommons.ConversionUtils;
ConversionUtils.stringToBase64('hello');
</script>
你可以在这里查看库是如何完成的代码:
https://github.com/edertone/TurboCommons/blob/master/TurboCommons-TS/src/main/ts/utils/ConversionUtils.ts
更多信息:
https://turboframework.org/en/blog/2022-10-26/encode-decode-base64-strings-javascript-typescript-php
你可以在这里在线测试:
https://turboframework.org/en/app/stringutils/base64-encode
JavaScript没有btoa中间步骤(没有库)
在问题标题中你写的是字符串转换,但在问题中你谈论的是二进制数据(图片),所以这里有一个函数,从PNG图片二进制数据开始进行适当的转换(详细信息和反转转换在这里)。
function bytesArrToBase64(arr) { const abc = "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789+/"; // base64 alphabet const bin = n => n.toString(2).padStart(8,0); // convert num to 8-bit binary string const l = arr.length let result = ''; for(let i=0; i<=(l-1)/3; i++) { let c1 = i*3+1>=l; // case when "=" is on end let c2 = i*3+2>=l; // case when "=" is on end let chunk = bin(arr[3*i]) + bin(c1? 0:arr[3*i+1]) + bin(c2? 0:arr[3*i+2]); let r = chunk.match(/.{1,6}/g).map((x,j)=> j==3&&c2 ? '=' :(j==2&&c1 ? '=':abc[+('0b'+x)])); result += r.join(''); } return result; } // TEST const pic = [ // PNG binary data 0x89, 0x50, 0x4e, 0x47, 0x0d, 0x0a, 0x1a, 0x0a, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x0d, 0x49, 0x48, 0x44, 0x52, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x10, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x10, 0x08, 0x06, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x1f, 0xf3, 0xff, 0x61, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01, 0x73, 0x52, 0x47, 0x42, 0x00, 0xae, 0xce, 0x1c, 0xe9, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01, 0x59, 0x69, 0x54, 0x58, 0x74, 0x58, 0x4d, 0x4c, 0x3a, 0x63, 0x6f, 0x6d, 0x2e, 0x61, 0x64, 0x6f, 0x62, 0x65, 0x2e, 0x78, 0x6d, 0x70, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x3c, 0x78, 0x3a, 0x78, 0x6d, 0x70, 0x6d, 0x65, 0x74, 0x61, 0x20, 0x78, 0x6d, 0x6c, 0x6e, 0x73, 0x3a, 0x78, 0x3d, 0x22, 0x61, 0x64, 0x6f, 0x62, 0x65, 0x3a, 0x6e, 0x73, 0x3a, 0x6d, 0x65, 0x74, 0x61, 0x2f, 0x22, 0x20, 0x78, 0x3a, 0x78, 0x6d, 0x70, 0x74, 0x6b, 0x3d, 0x22, 0x58, 0x4d, 0x50, 0x20, 0x43, 0x6f, 0x72, 0x65, 0x20, 0x35, 0x2e, 0x34, 0x2e, 0x30, 0x22, 0x3e, 0x0a, 0x20, 0x20, 0x20, 0x3c, 0x72, 0x64, 0x66, 0x3a, 0x52, 0x44, 0x46, 0x20, 0x78, 0x6d, 0x6c, 0x6e, 0x73, 0x3a, 0x72, 0x64, 0x66, 0x3d, 0x22, 0x68, 0x74, 0x74, 0x70, 0x3a, 0x2f, 0x2f, 0x77, 0x77, 0x77, 0x2e, 0x77, 0x33, 0x2e, 0x6f, 0x72, 0x67, 0x2f, 0x31, 0x39, 0x39, 0x39, 0x2f, 0x30, 0x32, 0x2f, 0x32, 0x32, 0x2d, 0x72, 0x64, 0x66, 0x2d, 0x73, 0x79, 0x6e, 0x74, 0x61, 0x78, 0x2d, 0x6e, 0x73, 0x23, 0x22, 0x3e, 0x0a, 0x20, 0x20, 0x20, 0x20, 0x20, 0x20, 0x3c, 0x72, 0x64, 0x66, 0x3a, 0x44, 0x65, 0x73, 0x63, 0x72, 0x69, 0x70, 0x74, 0x69, 0x6f, 0x6e, 0x20, 0x72, 0x64, 0x66, 0x3a, 0x61, 0x62, 0x6f, 0x75, 0x74, 0x3d, 0x22, 0x22, 0x0a, 0x20, 0x20, 0x20, 0x20, 0x20, 0x20, 0x20, 0x20, 0x20, 0x20, 0x20, 0x20, 0x78, 0x6d, 0x6c, 0x6e, 0x73, 0x3a, 0x74, 0x69, 0x66, 0x66, 0x3d, 0x22, 0x68, 0x74, 0x74, 0x70, 0x3a, 0x2f, 0x2f, 0x6e, 0x73, 0x2e, 0x61, 0x64, 0x6f, 0x62, 0x65, 0x2e, 0x63, 0x6f, 0x6d, 0x2f, 0x74, 0x69, 0x66, 0x66, 0x2f, 0x31, 0x2e, 0x30, 0x2f, 0x22, 0x3e, 0x0a, 0x20, 0x20, 0x20, 0x20, 0x20, 0x20, 0x20, 0x20, 0x20, 0x3c, 0x74, 0x69, 0x66, 0x66, 0x3a, 0x4f, 0x72, 0x69, 0x65, 0x6e, 0x74, 0x61, 0x74, 0x69, 0x6f, 0x6e, 0x3e, 0x31, 0x3c, 0x2f, 0x74, 0x69, 0x66, 0x66, 0x3a, 0x4f, 0x72, 0x69, 0x65, 0x6e, 0x74, 0x61, 0x74, 0x69, 0x6f, 0x6e, 0x3e, 0x0a, 0x20, 0x20, 0x20, 0x20, 0x20, 0x20, 0x3c, 0x2f, 0x72, 0x64, 0x66, 0x3a, 0x44, 0x65, 0x73, 0x63, 0x72, 0x69, 0x70, 0x74, 0x69, 0x6f, 0x6e, 0x3e, 0x0a, 0x20, 0x20, 0x20, 0x3c, 0x2f, 0x72, 0x64, 0x66, 0x3a, 0x52, 0x44, 0x46, 0x3e, 0x0a, 0x3c, 0x2f, 0x78, 0x3a, 0x78, 0x6d, 0x70, 0x6d, 0x65, 0x74, 0x61, 0x3e, 0x0a, 0x4c, 0xc2, 0x27, 0x59, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xf9, 0x49, 0x44, 0x41, 0x54, 0x38, 0x11, 0x95, 0x93, 0x3d, 0x0a, 0x02, 0x41, 0x0c, 0x85, 0xb3, 0xb2, 0x85, 0xb7, 0x10, 0x6c, 0x04, 0x1b, 0x0b, 0x4b, 0x6f, 0xe2, 0x76, 0x1e, 0xc1, 0xc2, 0x56, 0x6c, 0x2d, 0xbc, 0x85, 0xde, 0xc4, 0xd2, 0x56, 0xb0, 0x11, 0xbc, 0x85, 0x85, 0xa0, 0xfb, 0x46, 0xbf, 0xd9, 0x30, 0x33, 0x88, 0x06, 0x76, 0x93, 0x79, 0x93, 0xf7, 0x92, 0xf9, 0xab, 0xcc, 0xec, 0xd9, 0x7e, 0x7f, 0xd9, 0x63, 0x33, 0x8e, 0xf9, 0x75, 0x8c, 0x92, 0xe0, 0x34, 0xe8, 0x27, 0x88, 0xd9, 0xf4, 0x76, 0xcf, 0xb0, 0xaa, 0x45, 0xb2, 0x0e, 0x4a, 0xe4, 0x94, 0x39, 0x59, 0x0c, 0x03, 0x54, 0x14, 0x58, 0xce, 0xbb, 0xea, 0xdb, 0xd1, 0x3b, 0x71, 0x75, 0xb9, 0x9a, 0xe2, 0x7a, 0x7d, 0x36, 0x3f, 0xdf, 0x4b, 0x95, 0x35, 0x09, 0x09, 0xef, 0x73, 0xfc, 0xfa, 0x85, 0x67, 0x02, 0x3e, 0x59, 0x55, 0x31, 0x89, 0x31, 0x56, 0x8c, 0x78, 0xb6, 0x04, 0xda, 0x23, 0x01, 0x01, 0xc8, 0x8c, 0xe5, 0x77, 0x87, 0xbb, 0x65, 0x02, 0x24, 0xa4, 0xad, 0x82, 0xcb, 0x4b, 0x4c, 0x64, 0x59, 0x14, 0xa0, 0x72, 0x40, 0x3f, 0xbf, 0xe6, 0x68, 0xb6, 0x9f, 0x75, 0x08, 0x63, 0xc8, 0x9a, 0x09, 0x02, 0x25, 0x32, 0x34, 0x48, 0x7e, 0xcc, 0x7d, 0x10, 0xaf, 0xa6, 0xd5, 0xd2, 0x1a, 0x3d, 0x89, 0x38, 0xf5, 0xf1, 0x14, 0xb4, 0x69, 0x6a, 0x4d, 0x15, 0xf5, 0xc9, 0xf0, 0x5c, 0x1a, 0x61, 0x8a, 0x75, 0xd1, 0xe8, 0x3a, 0x2c, 0x41, 0x5d, 0x70, 0x41, 0x20, 0x29, 0xf9, 0x9b, 0xb1, 0x37, 0xc5, 0x4d, 0xfc, 0x45, 0x84, 0x7d, 0x08, 0x8f, 0x89, 0x76, 0x54, 0xf1, 0x1b, 0x19, 0x92, 0xef, 0x2c, 0xbe, 0x46, 0x8e, 0xa6, 0x49, 0x5e, 0x61, 0x89, 0xe4, 0x05, 0x5e, 0x4e, 0xa4, 0x5c, 0x10, 0x6e, 0x9f, 0xfc, 0x5b, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x49, 0x45, 0x4e, 0x44, 0xae, 0x42, 0x60, 0x82 ]; let b64pic = bytesArrToBase64(pic); myPic.src = "data:image/png;base64,"+b64pic; msg.innerHTML = "Base64 encoded pic data:<br>" + b64pic; img { zoom: 10; image-rendering: pixelated; } #msg { word-break: break-all; } <img id="myPic"> <code id="msg"></code>
基本上,我只是稍微清理了一下原始代码,这样JSLint就不会抱怨太多了,而且我把注释中标记为私有的方法实际上变成了私有的。我还添加了我在自己的项目中需要的两个方法,即decodeToHex和encodeFromHex。
代码:
var Base64 = (function() {
"use strict";
var _keyStr = "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789+/=";
var _utf8_encode = function (string) {
var utftext = "", c, n;
string = string.replace(/\r\n/g,"\n");
for (n = 0; n < string.length; n++) {
c = string.charCodeAt(n);
if (c < 128) {
utftext += String.fromCharCode(c);
} else if((c > 127) && (c < 2048)) {
utftext += String.fromCharCode((c >> 6) | 192);
utftext += String.fromCharCode((c & 63) | 128);
} else {
utftext += String.fromCharCode((c >> 12) | 224);
utftext += String.fromCharCode(((c >> 6) & 63) | 128);
utftext += String.fromCharCode((c & 63) | 128);
}
}
return utftext;
};
var _utf8_decode = function (utftext) {
var string = "", i = 0, c = 0, c1 = 0, c2 = 0;
while ( i < utftext.length ) {
c = utftext.charCodeAt(i);
if (c < 128) {
string += String.fromCharCode(c);
i++;
} else if((c > 191) && (c < 224)) {
c1 = utftext.charCodeAt(i+1);
string += String.fromCharCode(((c & 31) << 6) | (c1 & 63));
i += 2;
} else {
c1 = utftext.charCodeAt(i+1);
c2 = utftext.charCodeAt(i+2);
string += String.fromCharCode(((c & 15) << 12) | ((c1 & 63) << 6) | (c2 & 63));
i += 3;
}
}
return string;
};
var _hexEncode = function(input) {
var output = '', i;
for(i = 0; i < input.length; i++) {
output += input.charCodeAt(i).toString(16);
}
return output;
};
var _hexDecode = function(input) {
var output = '', i;
if(input.length % 2 > 0) {
input = '0' + input;
}
for(i = 0; i < input.length; i = i + 2) {
output += String.fromCharCode(parseInt(input.charAt(i) + input.charAt(i + 1), 16));
}
return output;
};
var encode = function (input) {
var output = "", chr1, chr2, chr3, enc1, enc2, enc3, enc4, i = 0;
input = _utf8_encode(input);
while (i < input.length) {
chr1 = input.charCodeAt(i++);
chr2 = input.charCodeAt(i++);
chr3 = input.charCodeAt(i++);
enc1 = chr1 >> 2;
enc2 = ((chr1 & 3) << 4) | (chr2 >> 4);
enc3 = ((chr2 & 15) << 2) | (chr3 >> 6);
enc4 = chr3 & 63;
if (isNaN(chr2)) {
enc3 = enc4 = 64;
} else if (isNaN(chr3)) {
enc4 = 64;
}
output += _keyStr.charAt(enc1);
output += _keyStr.charAt(enc2);
output += _keyStr.charAt(enc3);
output += _keyStr.charAt(enc4);
}
return output;
};
var decode = function (input) {
var output = "", chr1, chr2, chr3, enc1, enc2, enc3, enc4, i = 0;
input = input.replace(/[^A-Za-z0-9\+\/\=]/g, "");
while (i < input.length) {
enc1 = _keyStr.indexOf(input.charAt(i++));
enc2 = _keyStr.indexOf(input.charAt(i++));
enc3 = _keyStr.indexOf(input.charAt(i++));
enc4 = _keyStr.indexOf(input.charAt(i++));
chr1 = (enc1 << 2) | (enc2 >> 4);
chr2 = ((enc2 & 15) << 4) | (enc3 >> 2);
chr3 = ((enc3 & 3) << 6) | enc4;
output += String.fromCharCode(chr1);
if (enc3 !== 64) {
output += String.fromCharCode(chr2);
}
if (enc4 !== 64) {
output += String.fromCharCode(chr3);
}
}
return _utf8_decode(output);
};
var decodeToHex = function(input) {
return _hexEncode(decode(input));
};
var encodeFromHex = function(input) {
return encode(_hexDecode(input));
};
return {
'encode': encode,
'decode': decode,
'decodeToHex': decodeToHex,
'encodeFromHex': encodeFromHex
};
}());