我有一个基本的字典如下:
sample = {}
sample['title'] = "String"
sample['somedate'] = somedatetimehere
当我尝试做jsonify(sample)时，我得到:
TypeError: datetime.datetime(2012, 8, 8, 21, 46, 24, 862000) is not JSON serializable
我该怎么做才能使我的字典样本克服上面的错误呢?
注意:虽然它可能不相关，字典是从mongodb的记录检索中生成的，当我打印出str(sample['somedate'])时，输出是2012-08-08 21:46:24.862000。
当前回答
如果你想要自己的格式，一个快速修复
for key,val in sample.items():
if isinstance(val, datetime):
sample[key] = '{:%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S}'.format(val) #you can add different formating here
json.dumps(sample)
其他回答
以下是我的解决方案:
import json
class DatetimeEncoder(json.JSONEncoder):
def default(self, obj):
try:
return super().default(obj)
except TypeError:
return str(obj)
然后你可以这样使用它:
json.dumps(dictionnary, cls=DatetimeEncoder)
试着用一个例子来解析它:
#!/usr/bin/env python
import datetime
import json
import dateutil.parser # pip install python-dateutil
class JSONEncoder(json.JSONEncoder):
def default(self, obj):
if isinstance(obj, datetime.datetime):
return obj.isoformat()
return super(JSONEncoder, self).default(obj)
def test():
dts = [
datetime.datetime.now(),
datetime.datetime.now(datetime.timezone(-datetime.timedelta(hours=4))),
datetime.datetime.utcnow(),
datetime.datetime.now(datetime.timezone.utc),
]
for dt in dts:
dt_isoformat = json.loads(json.dumps(dt, cls=JSONEncoder))
dt_parsed = dateutil.parser.parse(dt_isoformat)
assert dt == dt_parsed
print(f'{dt}, {dt_isoformat}, {dt_parsed}')
# 2018-07-22 02:22:42.910637, 2018-07-22T02:22:42.910637, 2018-07-22 02:22:42.910637
# 2018-07-22 02:22:42.910643-04:00, 2018-07-22T02:22:42.910643-04:00, 2018-07-22 02:22:42.910643-04:00
# 2018-07-22 06:22:42.910645, 2018-07-22T06:22:42.910645, 2018-07-22 06:22:42.910645
# 2018-07-22 06:22:42.910646+00:00, 2018-07-22T06:22:42.910646+00:00, 2018-07-22 06:22:42.910646+00:00
if __name__ == '__main__':
test()
将日期转换为字符串
sample['somedate'] = str( datetime.utcnow() )
如果在视图中使用结果，请确保返回正确的响应。根据API, jsonify执行以下操作:
使用给定参数的JSON表示创建一个Response 用一个application/json mimetype。
使用json模拟此行为。转储您必须添加几行额外的代码。
response = make_response(dumps(sample, cls=CustomEncoder))
response.headers['Content-Type'] = 'application/json'
response.headers['mimetype'] = 'application/json'
return response
您还应该返回一个dict以完全复制jsonify的响应。整个文件是这样的
from flask import make_response
from json import JSONEncoder, dumps
class CustomEncoder(JSONEncoder):
def default(self, obj):
if set(['quantize', 'year']).intersection(dir(obj)):
return str(obj)
elif hasattr(obj, 'next'):
return list(obj)
return JSONEncoder.default(self, obj)
@app.route('/get_reps/', methods=['GET'])
def get_reps():
sample = ['some text', <datetime object>, 123]
response = make_response(dumps({'result': sample}, cls=CustomEncoder))
response.headers['Content-Type'] = 'application/json'
response.headers['mimetype'] = 'application/json'
return response
如果你正在使用django模型，你可以直接将encoder=DjangoJSONEncoder传递给field构造函数。它会像魔法一样有效。
from django.core.serializers.json import DjangoJSONEncoder
from django.db import models
from django.utils.timezone import now
class Activity(models.Model):
diff = models.JSONField(null=True, blank=True, encoder=DjangoJSONEncoder)
diff = {
"a": 1,
"b": "BB",
"c": now()
}
Activity.objects.create(diff=diff)
