如果你想要自己的格式，一个快速修复

for key,val in sample.items():
    if isinstance(val, datetime):
        sample[key] = '{:%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S}'.format(val) #you can add different formating here
json.dumps(sample)

def j_serial(o):     # self contained
    from datetime import datetime, date
    return str(o).split('.')[0] if isinstance(o, (datetime, date)) else None

以上用途的使用:

import datetime
serial_d = j_serial(datetime.datetime.now())
if serial_d:
    print(serial_d)  # output: 2018-02-28 02:23:15

我的解决方案是……

from datetime import datetime
import json

from pytz import timezone
import pytz


def json_dt_serializer(obj):
    """JSON serializer, by macm.
    """
    rsp = dict()
    if isinstance(obj, datetime):
        rsp['day'] = obj.day
        rsp['hour'] = obj.hour
        rsp['microsecond'] = obj.microsecond
        rsp['minute'] = obj.minute
        rsp['month'] = obj.month
        rsp['second'] = obj.second
        rsp['year'] = obj.year
        rsp['tzinfo'] = str(obj.tzinfo)
        return rsp
    raise TypeError("Type not serializable")


def json_dt_deserialize(obj):
    """JSON deserialize from json_dt_serializer, by macm.
    """
    if isinstance(obj, str):
        obj = json.loads(obj)
    tzone = timezone(obj['tzinfo'])
    tmp_dt = datetime(obj['year'],
                      obj['month'],
                      obj['day'],
                      hour=obj['hour'],
                      minute=obj['minute'],
                      second=obj['second'],
                      microsecond=obj['microsecond'])
    loc_dt = tzone.localize(tmp_dt)
    deserialize = loc_dt.astimezone(tzone)
    return deserialize    

好，现在来做一些测试。

# Tests
now = datetime.now(pytz.utc)

# Using this solution
rsp = json_dt_serializer(now)
tmp = json_dt_deserialize(rsp)
assert tmp == now
assert isinstance(tmp, datetime) == True
assert isinstance(now, datetime) == True

# using default from json.dumps
tmp = json.dumps(datetime.now(pytz.utc), default=json_dt_serializer)
rsp = json_dt_deserialize(tmp)
assert isinstance(rsp, datetime) == True

# Lets try another timezone
eastern = timezone('US/Eastern')
now = datetime.now(eastern)
rsp = json_dt_serializer(now)
tmp = json_dt_deserialize(rsp)

print(tmp)
# 2015-10-22 09:18:33.169302-04:00

print(now)
# 2015-10-22 09:18:33.169302-04:00

# Wow, Works!
assert tmp == now

2018年更新

最初的答案适应了MongoDB“date”字段的表示方式:

{" $日期":1506816000000}

如果你想要一个通用的Python解决方案来将datetime序列化为json，请查看@jjmontes的答案，这是一个不需要依赖的快速解决方案。

当你在使用mongoengine(每个注释)而pymongo是一个依赖时，pymongo有内置的实用工具来帮助json序列化: http://api.mongodb.org/python/1.10.1/api/bson/json_util.html

示例用法(序列化):

from bson import json_util
import json

json.dumps(anObject, default=json_util.default)

示例用法(反序列化):

json.loads(aJsonString, object_hook=json_util.object_hook)

Django

Django提供了一个原生的DjangoJSONEncoder序列化器来正确地处理这类问题。

看到https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/dev/topics/serialization/ djangojsonencoder

from django.core.serializers.json import DjangoJSONEncoder

return json.dumps(
  item,
  sort_keys=True,
  indent=1,
  cls=DjangoJSONEncoder
)

我注意到DjangoJSONEncoder和使用自定义默认之间的一个区别:

import datetime
import json

def default(o):
    if isinstance(o, (datetime.date, datetime.datetime)):
        return o.isoformat()

return json.dumps(
  item,
  sort_keys=True,
  indent=1,
  default=default
)

Django剥离了一些数据:

 "last_login": "2018-08-03T10:51:42.990", # DjangoJSONEncoder 
 "last_login": "2018-08-03T10:51:42.990239", # default

所以，在某些情况下，你可能需要小心。

我可能不是百分百正确， 这是实现序列化的简单方法

#!/usr/bin/python
import datetime,json

sampledict = {}
sampledict['a'] = "some string"
sampledict['b'] = datetime.datetime.now()

print sampledict   # output : {'a': 'some string', 'b': datetime.datetime(2017, 4, 15, 5, 15, 34, 652996)}

#print json.dumps(sampledict)

'''
output : 

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "./jsonencodedecode.py", line 10, in <module>
    print json.dumps(sampledict)
  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/json/__init__.py", line 244, in dumps
    return _default_encoder.encode(obj)
  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/json/encoder.py", line 207, in encode
    chunks = self.iterencode(o, _one_shot=True)
  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/json/encoder.py", line 270, in iterencode
    return _iterencode(o, 0)
  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/json/encoder.py", line 184, in default
    raise TypeError(repr(o) + " is not JSON serializable")
TypeError: datetime.datetime(2017, 4, 15, 5, 16, 17, 435706) is not JSON serializable


'''

sampledict['b'] = datetime.datetime.now().strftime("%B %d, %Y %H:%M %p")

afterdump = json.dumps(sampledict)

print afterdump  #output : {"a": "some string", "b": "April 15, 2017 05:18 AM"}

print type(afterdump) #<type 'str'>


afterloads = json.loads(afterdump) 

print afterloads # output : {u'a': u'some string', u'b': u'April 15, 2017 05:18 AM'}


print type(afterloads) # output :<type 'dict'> 

在使用sqlalchemy在类中编写序列化装饰器时，我得到了相同的错误消息。所以不要:

Class Puppy(Base):
    ...
    @property
    def serialize(self):
        return { 'id':self.id,
                 'date_birth':self.date_birth,
                  ...
                }

我只是借用了jgbarah使用isoformat()的想法，并将原始值附加到isoformat()，这样它现在看起来就像:

                  ...
                 'date_birth':self.date_birth.isoformat(),
                  ...