当从代码中调用web资源时，一个常见的任务是构建一个包含所有必要参数的查询字符串。虽然这绝不是火箭科学，但有一些漂亮的细节需要注意，例如，如果不是第一个参数，则添加&，对参数进行编码等。
实现它的代码非常简单，但有点乏味:
StringBuilder SB = new StringBuilder();
if (NeedsToAddParameter A)
{
SB.Append("A="); SB.Append(HttpUtility.UrlEncode("TheValueOfA"));
}
if (NeedsToAddParameter B)
{
if (SB.Length>0) SB.Append("&");
SB.Append("B="); SB.Append(HttpUtility.UrlEncode("TheValueOfB")); }
}
这是一个非常常见的任务，人们希望存在一个实用工具类，使其更加优雅和可读。扫描MSDN，我没有找到一个，这让我想到了以下问题:
你所知道的最优雅干净的方法是什么?
当前回答
如何创建扩展方法，允许您以这样流畅的风格添加参数?
string a = "http://www.somedomain.com/somepage.html"
.AddQueryParam("A", "TheValueOfA")
.AddQueryParam("B", "TheValueOfB")
.AddQueryParam("Z", "TheValueOfZ");
string b = new StringBuilder("http://www.somedomain.com/anotherpage.html")
.AddQueryParam("A", "TheValueOfA")
.AddQueryParam("B", "TheValueOfB")
.AddQueryParam("Z", "TheValueOfZ")
.ToString();
下面是使用字符串的重载:
public static string AddQueryParam(
this string source, string key, string value)
{
string delim;
if ((source == null) || !source.Contains("?"))
{
delim = "?";
}
else if (source.EndsWith("?") || source.EndsWith("&"))
{
delim = string.Empty;
}
else
{
delim = "&";
}
return source + delim + HttpUtility.UrlEncode(key)
+ "=" + HttpUtility.UrlEncode(value);
}
这里是使用StringBuilder的重载:
public static StringBuilder AddQueryParam(
this StringBuilder source, string key, string value)
{
bool hasQuery = false;
for (int i = 0; i < source.Length; i++)
{
if (source[i] == '?')
{
hasQuery = true;
break;
}
}
string delim;
if (!hasQuery)
{
delim = "?";
}
else if ((source[source.Length - 1] == '?')
|| (source[source.Length - 1] == '&'))
{
delim = string.Empty;
}
else
{
delim = "&";
}
return source.Append(delim).Append(HttpUtility.UrlEncode(key))
.Append("=").Append(HttpUtility.UrlEncode(value));
}
其他回答
下面是一个使用非常基本的语言特性的实现。它是我们必须在Objective C中移植和维护的类的一部分，所以我们选择了更多的代码行，但更容易移植和理解不太熟悉c#的程序员。
/// <summary>
/// Builds a complete http url with query strings.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="pHostname"></param>
/// <param name="pPort"></param>
/// <param name="pPage">ex "/index.html" or index.html</param>
/// <param name="pGetParams">a Dictionary<string,string> collection containing the key value pairs. Pass null if there are none.</param>
/// <returns>a string of the form: http://[pHostname]:[pPort/[pPage]?key1=val1&key2=val2...</returns>
static public string buildURL(string pHostname, int pPort, string pPage, Dictionary<string,string> pGetParams)
{
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(200);
sb.Append("http://");
sb.Append(pHostname);
if( pPort != 80 ) {
sb.Append(pPort);
}
// Allows page param to be passed in with or without leading slash.
if( !pPage.StartsWith("/") ) {
sb.Append("/");
}
sb.Append(pPage);
if (pGetParams != null && pGetParams.Count > 0)
{
sb.Append("?");
foreach (KeyValuePair<string, string> kvp in pGetParams)
{
sb.Append(kvp.Key);
sb.Append("=");
sb.Append( System.Web.HttpUtility.UrlEncode(kvp.Value) );
sb.Append("&");
}
sb.Remove(sb.Length - 1, 1); // Remove the final '&'
}
return sb.ToString();
}
未经测试，但我认为沿着这些路线的东西会工作得很好
public class QueryString
{
private Dictionary<string,string> _Params = new Dictionary<string,string>();
public overide ToString()
{
List<string> returnParams = new List<string>();
foreach (KeyValuePair param in _Params)
{
returnParams.Add(String.Format("{0}={1}", param.Key, param.Value));
}
// return String.Format("?{0}", String.Join("&", returnParams.ToArray()));
// credit annakata
return "?" + String.Join("&", returnParams.ToArray());
}
public void Add(string key, string value)
{
_Params.Add(key, HttpUtility.UrlEncode(value));
}
}
QueryString query = new QueryString();
query.Add("param1", "value1");
query.Add("param2", "value2");
return query.ToString();
我刚才回答了一个类似的问题。基本上，最好的方法是使用HttpValueCollection类。净的请求。QueryString属性实际上是，不幸的是，它是。net框架内部的。 您可以使用Reflector来抓取它(并将其放入您的Utils类中)。通过这种方式，您可以像操作NameValueCollection一样操作查询字符串，但是需要考虑所有url编码/解码问题。
HttpValueCollection扩展了NameValueCollection，并有一个接受编码查询字符串(包括&和问号)的构造函数，它覆盖了ToString()方法，以便稍后从底层集合重新构建查询字符串。
例子:
var coll = new HttpValueCollection();
coll["userId"] = "50";
coll["paramA"] = "A";
coll["paramB"] = "B";
string query = coll.ToString(true); // true means use urlencode
Console.WriteLine(query); // prints: userId=50¶mA=A¶mB=B
我有一个扩展方法的Uri:
接受匿名对象:uri。WithQuery(new {name = "value"}) 接受字符串/字符串对的集合(例如Dictionary ' 2)。 接受字符串/对象对的集合(例如RouteValueDictionary)。 接受NameValueCollections。 按键对查询值进行排序，以便相同的值产生相同的uri。 每个键支持多个值，保持其原始顺序。
文档版本可以在这里找到。
扩展:
public static Uri WithQuery(this Uri uri, object values)
{
if (uri == null)
throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(uri));
if (values != null)
{
var query = string.Join(
"&", from p in ParseQueryValues(values)
where !string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(p.Key)
let k = HttpUtility.UrlEncode(p.Key.Trim())
let v = HttpUtility.UrlEncode(p.Value)
orderby k
select string.IsNullOrEmpty(v) ? k : $"{k}={v}");
if (query.Length != 0 || uri.Query.Length != 0)
uri = new UriBuilder(uri) { Query = query }.Uri;
}
return uri;
}
查询解析器:
private static IEnumerable<KeyValuePair<string, string>> ParseQueryValues(object values)
{
// Check if a name/value collection.
var nvc = values as NameValueCollection;
if (nvc != null)
return from key in nvc.AllKeys
from val in nvc.GetValues(key)
select new KeyValuePair<string, string>(key, val);
// Check if a string/string dictionary.
var ssd = values as IEnumerable<KeyValuePair<string, string>>;
if (ssd != null)
return ssd;
// Check if a string/object dictionary.
var sod = values as IEnumerable<KeyValuePair<string, object>>;
if (sod == null)
{
// Check if a non-generic dictionary.
var ngd = values as IDictionary;
if (ngd != null)
sod = ngd.Cast<dynamic>().ToDictionary<dynamic, string, object>(
p => p.Key.ToString(), p => p.Value as object);
// Convert object properties to dictionary.
if (sod == null)
sod = new RouteValueDictionary(values);
}
// Normalize and return the values.
return from pair in sod
from val in pair.Value as IEnumerable<string>
?? new[] { pair.Value?.ToString() }
select new KeyValuePair<string, string>(pair.Key, val);
}
下面是测试:
var uri = new Uri("https://stackoverflow.com/yo?oldKey=oldValue");
// Test with a string/string dictionary.
var q = uri.WithQuery(new Dictionary<string, string>
{
["k1"] = string.Empty,
["k2"] = null,
["k3"] = "v3"
});
Debug.Assert(q == new Uri(
"https://stackoverflow.com/yo?k1&k2&k3=v3"));
// Test with a string/object dictionary.
q = uri.WithQuery(new Dictionary<string, object>
{
["k1"] = "v1",
["k2"] = new[] { "v2a", "v2b" },
["k3"] = null
});
Debug.Assert(q == new Uri(
"https://stackoverflow.com/yo?k1=v1&k2=v2a&k2=v2b&k3"));
// Test with a name/value collection.
var nvc = new NameValueCollection()
{
["k1"] = string.Empty,
["k2"] = "v2a"
};
nvc.Add("k2", "v2b");
q = uri.WithQuery(nvc);
Debug.Assert(q == new Uri(
"https://stackoverflow.com/yo?k1&k2=v2a&k2=v2b"));
// Test with any dictionary.
q = uri.WithQuery(new Dictionary<int, HashSet<string>>
{
[1] = new HashSet<string> { "v1" },
[2] = new HashSet<string> { "v2a", "v2b" },
[3] = null
});
Debug.Assert(q == new Uri(
"https://stackoverflow.com/yo?1=v1&2=v2a&2=v2b&3"));
// Test with an anonymous object.
q = uri.WithQuery(new
{
k1 = "v1",
k2 = new[] { "v2a", "v2b" },
k3 = new List<string> { "v3" },
k4 = true,
k5 = null as Queue<string>
});
Debug.Assert(q == new Uri(
"https://stackoverflow.com/yo?k1=v1&k2=v2a&k2=v2b&k3=v3&k4=True&k5"));
// Keep existing query using a name/value collection.
nvc = HttpUtility.ParseQueryString(uri.Query);
nvc.Add("newKey", "newValue");
q = uri.WithQuery(nvc);
Debug.Assert(q == new Uri(
"https://stackoverflow.com/yo?newKey=newValue&oldKey=oldValue"));
// Merge two query objects using the RouteValueDictionary.
var an1 = new { k1 = "v1" };
var an2 = new { k2 = "v2" };
q = uri.WithQuery(
new RouteValueDictionary(an1).Concat(
new RouteValueDictionary(an2)));
Debug.Assert(q == new Uri(
"https://stackoverflow.com/yo?k1=v1&k2=v2"));
从Roy Tinker的评论中得到灵感，我最终在Uri类上使用了一个简单的扩展方法，使我的代码简洁干净:
using System.Web;
public static class HttpExtensions
{
public static Uri AddQuery(this Uri uri, string name, string value)
{
var httpValueCollection = HttpUtility.ParseQueryString(uri.Query);
httpValueCollection.Remove(name);
httpValueCollection.Add(name, value);
var ub = new UriBuilder(uri);
ub.Query = httpValueCollection.ToString();
return ub.Uri;
}
}
用法:
Uri url = new Uri("http://localhost/rest/something/browse").
AddQuery("page", "0").
AddQuery("pageSize", "200");
编辑-标准兼容的变体
正如一些人指出的那样，httpValueCollection.ToString()以一种不符合标准的方式编码Unicode字符。这是通过调用HttpUtility来处理此类字符的相同扩展方法的变体。UrlEncode方法代替已弃用的HttpUtility方法。UrlEncodeUnicode方法。
using System.Web;
public static Uri AddQuery(this Uri uri, string name, string value)
{
var httpValueCollection = HttpUtility.ParseQueryString(uri.Query);
httpValueCollection.Remove(name);
httpValueCollection.Add(name, value);
var ub = new UriBuilder(uri);
// this code block is taken from httpValueCollection.ToString() method
// and modified so it encodes strings with HttpUtility.UrlEncode
if (httpValueCollection.Count == 0)
ub.Query = String.Empty;
else
{
var sb = new StringBuilder();
for (int i = 0; i < httpValueCollection.Count; i++)
{
string text = httpValueCollection.GetKey(i);
{
text = HttpUtility.UrlEncode(text);
string val = (text != null) ? (text + "=") : string.Empty;
string[] vals = httpValueCollection.GetValues(i);
if (sb.Length > 0)
sb.Append('&');
if (vals == null || vals.Length == 0)
sb.Append(val);
else
{
if (vals.Length == 1)
{
sb.Append(val);
sb.Append(HttpUtility.UrlEncode(vals[0]));
}
else
{
for (int j = 0; j < vals.Length; j++)
{
if (j > 0)
sb.Append('&');
sb.Append(val);
sb.Append(HttpUtility.UrlEncode(vals[j]));
}
}
}
}
}
ub.Query = sb.ToString();
}
return ub.Uri;
}
