当从代码中调用web资源时，一个常见的任务是构建一个包含所有必要参数的查询字符串。虽然这绝不是火箭科学，但有一些漂亮的细节需要注意，例如，如果不是第一个参数，则添加&，对参数进行编码等。
实现它的代码非常简单，但有点乏味:
StringBuilder SB = new StringBuilder();
if (NeedsToAddParameter A)
{
SB.Append("A="); SB.Append(HttpUtility.UrlEncode("TheValueOfA"));
}
if (NeedsToAddParameter B)
{
if (SB.Length>0) SB.Append("&");
SB.Append("B="); SB.Append(HttpUtility.UrlEncode("TheValueOfB")); }
}
这是一个非常常见的任务，人们希望存在一个实用工具类，使其更加优雅和可读。扫描MSDN，我没有找到一个，这让我想到了以下问题:
你所知道的最优雅干净的方法是什么?
当前回答
如果你仔细观察，QueryString属性是一个NameValueCollection。当我做了类似的事情，我通常对序列化和反序列化感兴趣，所以我的建议是建立一个NameValueCollection，然后传递给:
using System.Linq;
using System.Web;
using System.Collections.Specialized;
private string ToQueryString(NameValueCollection nvc)
{
var array = (
from key in nvc.AllKeys
from value in nvc.GetValues(key)
select string.Format(
"{0}={1}",
HttpUtility.UrlEncode(key),
HttpUtility.UrlEncode(value))
).ToArray();
return "?" + string.Join("&", array);
}
我想在LINQ中也有一种非常优雅的方式来做到这一点……
其他回答
下面的代码是从ToString的HttpValueCollection实现中截取的，通过ILSpy，它会给你一个name=value querystring。
不幸的是，HttpValueCollection是一个内部类，只有当你使用HttpUtility.ParseQueryString()时才会返回。我删除了它的所有视图状态部分，它默认编码:
public static class HttpExtensions
{
public static string ToQueryString(this NameValueCollection collection)
{
// This is based off the NameValueCollection.ToString() implementation
int count = collection.Count;
if (count == 0)
return string.Empty;
StringBuilder stringBuilder = new StringBuilder();
for (int i = 0; i < count; i++)
{
string text = collection.GetKey(i);
text = HttpUtility.UrlEncodeUnicode(text);
string value = (text != null) ? (text + "=") : string.Empty;
string[] values = collection.GetValues(i);
if (stringBuilder.Length > 0)
{
stringBuilder.Append('&');
}
if (values == null || values.Length == 0)
{
stringBuilder.Append(value);
}
else
{
if (values.Length == 1)
{
stringBuilder.Append(value);
string text2 = values[0];
text2 = HttpUtility.UrlEncodeUnicode(text2);
stringBuilder.Append(text2);
}
else
{
for (int j = 0; j < values.Length; j++)
{
if (j > 0)
{
stringBuilder.Append('&');
}
stringBuilder.Append(value);
string text2 = values[j];
text2 = HttpUtility.UrlEncodeUnicode(text2);
stringBuilder.Append(text2);
}
}
}
}
return stringBuilder.ToString();
}
}
这里有很多很好的答案，但对于使用现代c#的人来说，这可能是一个很好的实用程序类。
public class QueryParamBuilder
{
private readonly Dictionary<string, string> _fields = new();
public QueryParamBuilder Add(string key, string value)
{
_fields.Add(key, value);
return this;
}
public string Build()
{
return $"?{String.Join("&", _fields.Select(pair => $"{HttpUtility.UrlEncode(pair.Key)}={HttpUtility.UrlEncode(pair.Value)}"))}";
}
public static QueryParamBuilder New => new();
}
我在这里使用了一个内部Dictionary，因为字典在内部是可枚举的键值对，这使得遍历它们比NameValueCollection容易得多。
那么查询字符串本身就是一个简单的带有连接的插值字符串。
另外，我为构造函数提供了一个静态接口，使构造新的构造器非常容易，并且只允许一个公开的方法Add来添加新的查询参数值。最后，使用Build()终止链以实际获得最终字符串。
下面是它用法的一个例子
var queryString = QueryParamBuilder.New
.Add("id", "0123")
.Add("value2", 1234.ToString())
.Add("valueWithSpace","value with spa12!@#@!ce")
.Build();
结果和预期的一样
?id=0123&value2=1234&valueWithSpace=value+with+spa12!%40%23%40!ce
希望你们中的一些人会觉得这个很好很优雅。
我有一个扩展方法的Uri:
接受匿名对象:uri。WithQuery(new {name = "value"}) 接受字符串/字符串对的集合(例如Dictionary ' 2)。 接受字符串/对象对的集合(例如RouteValueDictionary)。 接受NameValueCollections。 按键对查询值进行排序，以便相同的值产生相同的uri。 每个键支持多个值，保持其原始顺序。
文档版本可以在这里找到。
扩展:
public static Uri WithQuery(this Uri uri, object values)
{
if (uri == null)
throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(uri));
if (values != null)
{
var query = string.Join(
"&", from p in ParseQueryValues(values)
where !string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(p.Key)
let k = HttpUtility.UrlEncode(p.Key.Trim())
let v = HttpUtility.UrlEncode(p.Value)
orderby k
select string.IsNullOrEmpty(v) ? k : $"{k}={v}");
if (query.Length != 0 || uri.Query.Length != 0)
uri = new UriBuilder(uri) { Query = query }.Uri;
}
return uri;
}
查询解析器:
private static IEnumerable<KeyValuePair<string, string>> ParseQueryValues(object values)
{
// Check if a name/value collection.
var nvc = values as NameValueCollection;
if (nvc != null)
return from key in nvc.AllKeys
from val in nvc.GetValues(key)
select new KeyValuePair<string, string>(key, val);
// Check if a string/string dictionary.
var ssd = values as IEnumerable<KeyValuePair<string, string>>;
if (ssd != null)
return ssd;
// Check if a string/object dictionary.
var sod = values as IEnumerable<KeyValuePair<string, object>>;
if (sod == null)
{
// Check if a non-generic dictionary.
var ngd = values as IDictionary;
if (ngd != null)
sod = ngd.Cast<dynamic>().ToDictionary<dynamic, string, object>(
p => p.Key.ToString(), p => p.Value as object);
// Convert object properties to dictionary.
if (sod == null)
sod = new RouteValueDictionary(values);
}
// Normalize and return the values.
return from pair in sod
from val in pair.Value as IEnumerable<string>
?? new[] { pair.Value?.ToString() }
select new KeyValuePair<string, string>(pair.Key, val);
}
下面是测试:
var uri = new Uri("https://stackoverflow.com/yo?oldKey=oldValue");
// Test with a string/string dictionary.
var q = uri.WithQuery(new Dictionary<string, string>
{
["k1"] = string.Empty,
["k2"] = null,
["k3"] = "v3"
});
Debug.Assert(q == new Uri(
"https://stackoverflow.com/yo?k1&k2&k3=v3"));
// Test with a string/object dictionary.
q = uri.WithQuery(new Dictionary<string, object>
{
["k1"] = "v1",
["k2"] = new[] { "v2a", "v2b" },
["k3"] = null
});
Debug.Assert(q == new Uri(
"https://stackoverflow.com/yo?k1=v1&k2=v2a&k2=v2b&k3"));
// Test with a name/value collection.
var nvc = new NameValueCollection()
{
["k1"] = string.Empty,
["k2"] = "v2a"
};
nvc.Add("k2", "v2b");
q = uri.WithQuery(nvc);
Debug.Assert(q == new Uri(
"https://stackoverflow.com/yo?k1&k2=v2a&k2=v2b"));
// Test with any dictionary.
q = uri.WithQuery(new Dictionary<int, HashSet<string>>
{
[1] = new HashSet<string> { "v1" },
[2] = new HashSet<string> { "v2a", "v2b" },
[3] = null
});
Debug.Assert(q == new Uri(
"https://stackoverflow.com/yo?1=v1&2=v2a&2=v2b&3"));
// Test with an anonymous object.
q = uri.WithQuery(new
{
k1 = "v1",
k2 = new[] { "v2a", "v2b" },
k3 = new List<string> { "v3" },
k4 = true,
k5 = null as Queue<string>
});
Debug.Assert(q == new Uri(
"https://stackoverflow.com/yo?k1=v1&k2=v2a&k2=v2b&k3=v3&k4=True&k5"));
// Keep existing query using a name/value collection.
nvc = HttpUtility.ParseQueryString(uri.Query);
nvc.Add("newKey", "newValue");
q = uri.WithQuery(nvc);
Debug.Assert(q == new Uri(
"https://stackoverflow.com/yo?newKey=newValue&oldKey=oldValue"));
// Merge two query objects using the RouteValueDictionary.
var an1 = new { k1 = "v1" };
var an2 = new { k2 = "v2" };
q = uri.WithQuery(
new RouteValueDictionary(an1).Concat(
new RouteValueDictionary(an2)));
Debug.Assert(q == new Uri(
"https://stackoverflow.com/yo?k1=v1&k2=v2"));
这是我最近的记录。由于种种原因，我不喜欢其他的，所以我自己写了一个。
这个版本的特点:
Use of StringBuilder only. No ToArray() calls or other extension methods. It doesn't look as pretty as some of the other responses, but I consider this a core function so efficiency is more important than having "fluent", "one-liner" code which hide inefficiencies. Handles multiple values per key. (Didn't need it myself but just to silence Mauricio ;) public string ToQueryString(NameValueCollection nvc) { StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder("?"); bool first = true; foreach (string key in nvc.AllKeys) { foreach (string value in nvc.GetValues(key)) { if (!first) { sb.Append("&"); } sb.AppendFormat("{0}={1}", Uri.EscapeDataString(key), Uri.EscapeDataString(value)); first = false; } } return sb.ToString(); }
示例使用
var queryParams = new NameValueCollection()
{
{ "x", "1" },
{ "y", "2" },
{ "foo", "bar" },
{ "foo", "baz" },
{ "special chars", "? = &" },
};
string url = "http://example.com/stuff" + ToQueryString(queryParams);
Console.WriteLine(url);
输出
http://example.com/stuff?x=1&y=2&foo=bar&foo=baz&special%20chars=%3F%20%3D%20%26
未经测试，但我认为沿着这些路线的东西会工作得很好
public class QueryString
{
private Dictionary<string,string> _Params = new Dictionary<string,string>();
public overide ToString()
{
List<string> returnParams = new List<string>();
foreach (KeyValuePair param in _Params)
{
returnParams.Add(String.Format("{0}={1}", param.Key, param.Value));
}
// return String.Format("?{0}", String.Join("&", returnParams.ToArray()));
// credit annakata
return "?" + String.Join("&", returnParams.ToArray());
}
public void Add(string key, string value)
{
_Params.Add(key, HttpUtility.UrlEncode(value));
}
}
QueryString query = new QueryString();
query.Add("param1", "value1");
query.Add("param2", "value2");
return query.ToString();
