我在一个文件中有一个大的位图(比如3888x2592)。现在,我想将位图大小调整为800x533,并将其保存到另一个文件中。 我通常通过调用bitmap来缩放位图。createBitmap方法,但它需要一个源位图作为第一个参数,我不能提供,因为加载原始图像到位图对象当然会超过内存(例如,见这里)。

我也不能读取位图,例如,BitmapFactory.decodeFile(文件,选项),提供BitmapFactory.Options。inSampleSize,因为我想把它调整到精确的宽度和高度。使用inSampleSize将位图大小调整为972x648(如果我使用inSampleSize=4)或778x518(如果我使用inSampleSize=5,这甚至不是2的幂)。

我还希望避免在第一步中使用inSampleSize读取图像,例如,在第一步中使用972x648,然后在第二步中将其大小调整为800x533,因为与直接调整原始图像的大小相比,质量会较差。

总结一下我的问题: 是否有一种方法来读取一个10MP或更多的大图像文件,并将其保存到一个新的图像文件,调整到一个特定的新宽度和高度,而不得到OutOfMemory异常?

我还尝试了BitmapFactory.decodeFile(文件,选项)和设置选项。out theight and Options。outidth值手动为800和533,但它不是这样工作的。


当前回答

下面是我使用的代码,在Android上解码内存中的大图像没有任何问题。我已经能够解码大于20MB的图像,只要我的输入参数在1024x1024左右。您可以将返回的位图保存到另一个文件中。下面这个方法是另一个方法,我也用它来缩放图像到一个新的位图。请随意使用此代码。

/*****************************************************************************
 * public decode - decode the image into a Bitmap
 * 
 * @param xyDimension
 *            - The max XY Dimension before the image is scaled down - XY =
 *            1080x1080 and Image = 2000x2000 image will be scaled down to a
 *            value equal or less then set value.
 * @param bitmapConfig
 *            - Bitmap.Config Valid values = ( Bitmap.Config.ARGB_4444,
 *            Bitmap.Config.RGB_565, Bitmap.Config.ARGB_8888 )
 * 
 * @return Bitmap - Image - a value of "null" if there is an issue decoding
 *         image dimension
 * 
 * @throws FileNotFoundException
 *             - If the image has been removed while this operation is
 *             taking place
 */
public Bitmap decode( int xyDimension, Bitmap.Config bitmapConfig ) throws FileNotFoundException
{
    // The Bitmap to return given a Uri to a file
    Bitmap bitmap = null;
    File file = null;
    FileInputStream fis = null;
    InputStream in = null;

    // Try to decode the Uri
    try
    {
        // Initialize scale to no real scaling factor
        double scale = 1;

        // Get FileInputStream to get a FileDescriptor
        file = new File( this.imageUri.getPath() );

        fis = new FileInputStream( file );
        FileDescriptor fd = fis.getFD();

        // Get a BitmapFactory Options object
        BitmapFactory.Options o = new BitmapFactory.Options();

        // Decode only the image size
        o.inJustDecodeBounds = true;
        o.inPreferredConfig = bitmapConfig;

        // Decode to get Width & Height of image only
        BitmapFactory.decodeFileDescriptor( fd, null, o );
        BitmapFactory.decodeStream( null );

        if( o.outHeight > xyDimension || o.outWidth > xyDimension )
        {
            // Change the scale if the image is larger then desired image
            // max size
            scale = Math.pow( 2, (int) Math.round( Math.log( xyDimension / (double) Math.max( o.outHeight, o.outWidth ) ) / Math.log( 0.5 ) ) );
        }

        // Decode with inSampleSize scale will either be 1 or calculated value
        o.inJustDecodeBounds = false;
        o.inSampleSize = (int) scale;

        // Decode the Uri for real with the inSampleSize
        in = new BufferedInputStream( fis );
        bitmap = BitmapFactory.decodeStream( in, null, o );
    }
    catch( OutOfMemoryError e )
    {
        Log.e( DEBUG_TAG, "decode : OutOfMemoryError" );
        e.printStackTrace();
    }
    catch( NullPointerException e )
    {
        Log.e( DEBUG_TAG, "decode : NullPointerException" );
        e.printStackTrace();
    }
    catch( RuntimeException e )
    {
        Log.e( DEBUG_TAG, "decode : RuntimeException" );
        e.printStackTrace();
    }
    catch( FileNotFoundException e )
    {
        Log.e( DEBUG_TAG, "decode : FileNotFoundException" );
        e.printStackTrace();
    }
    catch( IOException e )
    {
        Log.e( DEBUG_TAG, "decode : IOException" );
        e.printStackTrace();
    }

    // Save memory
    file = null;
    fis = null;
    in = null;

    return bitmap;

} // decode

注意:方法之间没有任何关系,除了createScaledBitmap调用上面的decode方法。注意宽度和高度可以改变原始图像。

/*****************************************************************************
 * public createScaledBitmap - Creates a new bitmap, scaled from an existing
 * bitmap.
 * 
 * @param dstWidth
 *            - Scale the width to this dimension
 * @param dstHeight
 *            - Scale the height to this dimension
 * @param xyDimension
 *            - The max XY Dimension before the original image is scaled
 *            down - XY = 1080x1080 and Image = 2000x2000 image will be
 *            scaled down to a value equal or less then set value.
 * @param bitmapConfig
 *            - Bitmap.Config Valid values = ( Bitmap.Config.ARGB_4444,
 *            Bitmap.Config.RGB_565, Bitmap.Config.ARGB_8888 )
 * 
 * @return Bitmap - Image scaled - a value of "null" if there is an issue
 * 
 */
public Bitmap createScaledBitmap( int dstWidth, int dstHeight, int xyDimension, Bitmap.Config bitmapConfig )
{
    Bitmap scaledBitmap = null;

    try
    {
        Bitmap bitmap = this.decode( xyDimension, bitmapConfig );

        // Create an empty Bitmap which will contain the new scaled bitmap
        // This scaled bitmap should be the size we want to scale the
        // original bitmap too
        scaledBitmap = Bitmap.createBitmap( dstWidth, dstHeight, bitmapConfig );

        float ratioX = dstWidth / (float) bitmap.getWidth();
        float ratioY = dstHeight / (float) bitmap.getHeight();
        float middleX = dstWidth / 2.0f;
        float middleY = dstHeight / 2.0f;

        // Used to for scaling the image
        Matrix scaleMatrix = new Matrix();
        scaleMatrix.setScale( ratioX, ratioY, middleX, middleY );

        // Used to do the work of scaling
        Canvas canvas = new Canvas( scaledBitmap );
        canvas.setMatrix( scaleMatrix );
        canvas.drawBitmap( bitmap, middleX - bitmap.getWidth() / 2, middleY - bitmap.getHeight() / 2, new Paint( Paint.FILTER_BITMAP_FLAG ) );
    }
    catch( IllegalArgumentException e )
    {
        Log.e( DEBUG_TAG, "createScaledBitmap : IllegalArgumentException" );
        e.printStackTrace();
    }
    catch( NullPointerException e )
    {
        Log.e( DEBUG_TAG, "createScaledBitmap : NullPointerException" );
        e.printStackTrace();
    }
    catch( FileNotFoundException e )
    {
        Log.e( DEBUG_TAG, "createScaledBitmap : FileNotFoundException" );
        e.printStackTrace();
    }

    return scaledBitmap;
} // End createScaledBitmap

其他回答

使用以下代码调整位图的大小

    public static Bitmap decodeFile(File file, int reqWidth, int reqHeight){

    // First decode with inJustDecodeBounds=true to check dimensions
    final BitmapFactory.Options options = new BitmapFactory.Options();
    options.inJustDecodeBounds = true;        
    BitmapFactory.decodeFile(file.getPath(), options);

    // Calculate inSampleSize
    options.inSampleSize = calculateInSampleSize(options, reqWidth, reqHeight);

    // Decode bitmap with inSampleSize set
    options.inJustDecodeBounds = false;
    return BitmapFactory.decodeFile(file.getPath(), options);
   }

    private static int calculateInSampleSize(
    BitmapFactory.Options options, int reqWidth, int reqHeight) {
    // Raw height and width of image
    final int height = options.outHeight;
    final int width = options.outWidth;
    int inSampleSize = 1;

    if (height > reqHeight || width > reqWidth) {

        // Calculate ratios of height and width to requested height and width
        final int heightRatio = Math.round((float) height / (float) reqHeight);
        final int widthRatio = Math.round((float) width / (float) reqWidth);

        // Choose the smallest ratio as inSampleSize value, this will guarantee
        // a final image with both dimensions larger than or equal to the
        // requested height and width.
        inSampleSize = heightRatio < widthRatio ? heightRatio : widthRatio;
     }

     return inSampleSize;
   }    

下面的提示/技巧也解释了这一点

http://www.codeproject.com/Tips/625810/Android-Image-Operations-Using-BitmapFactory

这是一篇采用不同方法调整大小的文章。它将尝试根据进程中的可用内存将最大的位图加载到内存中,然后执行转换。

http://bricolsoftconsulting.com/2012/12/07/handling-large-images-on-android/

贾斯汀的答案翻译成代码(对我来说很完美):

private Bitmap getBitmap(String path) {

Uri uri = getImageUri(path);
InputStream in = null;
try {
    final int IMAGE_MAX_SIZE = 1200000; // 1.2MP
    in = mContentResolver.openInputStream(uri);

    // Decode image size
    BitmapFactory.Options options = new BitmapFactory.Options();
    options.inJustDecodeBounds = true;
    BitmapFactory.decodeStream(in, null, options);
    in.close();



    int scale = 1;
    while ((options.outWidth * options.outHeight) * (1 / Math.pow(scale, 2)) > 
          IMAGE_MAX_SIZE) {
       scale++;
    }
    Log.d(TAG, "scale = " + scale + ", orig-width: " + options.outWidth + ", 
       orig-height: " + options.outHeight);

    Bitmap resultBitmap = null;
    in = mContentResolver.openInputStream(uri);
    if (scale > 1) {
        scale--;
        // scale to max possible inSampleSize that still yields an image
        // larger than target
        options = new BitmapFactory.Options();
        options.inSampleSize = scale;
        resultBitmap = BitmapFactory.decodeStream(in, null, options);

        // resize to desired dimensions
        int height = resultBitmap.getHeight();
        int width = resultBitmap.getWidth();
        Log.d(TAG, "1th scale operation dimenions - width: " + width + ",
           height: " + height);

        double y = Math.sqrt(IMAGE_MAX_SIZE
                / (((double) width) / height));
        double x = (y / height) * width;

        Bitmap scaledBitmap = Bitmap.createScaledBitmap(resultBitmap, (int) x, 
           (int) y, true);
        resultBitmap.recycle();
        resultBitmap = scaledBitmap;

        System.gc();
    } else {
        resultBitmap = BitmapFactory.decodeStream(in);
    }
    in.close();

    Log.d(TAG, "bitmap size - width: " +resultBitmap.getWidth() + ", height: " + 
       resultBitmap.getHeight());
    return resultBitmap;
} catch (IOException e) {
    Log.e(TAG, e.getMessage(),e);
    return null;
}

我使用了这样的代码:

  String filePath=Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory()+"/test_image.jpg";
  BitmapFactory.Options options=new BitmapFactory.Options();
  InputStream is=new FileInputStream(filePath);
  BitmapFactory.decodeStream(is, null, options);
  is.close();
  is=new FileInputStream(filePath);
  // here w and h are the desired width and height
  options.inSampleSize=Math.max(options.outWidth/460, options.outHeight/288); //Max 460 x 288 is my desired...
  // bmp is the resized bitmap
  Bitmap bmp=BitmapFactory.decodeStream(is, null, options);
  is.close();
  Log.d(Constants.TAG, "Scaled bitmap bytes, "+bmp.getRowBytes()+", width:"+bmp.getWidth()+", height:"+bmp.getHeight());

我试过原始图像是1230 x 1230,得到的位图是330 x 330。 如果尝试2590 x 3849,我将得到OutOfMemoryError。

我跟踪了它,它仍然抛出OutOfMemoryError在行"BitmapFactory.decodeStream(is, null, options);",如果原始位图太大…

如果你想一步调整大小你可以加载整个位图如果 android:largeHeap = true,但正如你所看到的,这是不可取的。

From docs: android:largeHeap Whether your application's processes should be created with a large Dalvik heap. This applies to all processes created for the application. It only applies to the first application loaded into a process; if you're using a shared user ID to allow multiple applications to use a process, they all must use this option consistently or they will have unpredictable results. Most apps should not need this and should instead focus on reducing their overall memory usage for improved performance. Enabling this also does not guarantee a fixed increase in available memory, because some devices are constrained by their total available memory.