更普遍的中位数(和百分位数)方法是:

def get_percentile(data, percentile):
    # Get the number of observations
    cnt=len(data)
    # Sort the list
    data=sorted(data)
    # Determine the split point
    i=(cnt-1)*percentile
    # Find the `floor` of the split point
    diff=i-int(i)
    # Return the weighted average of the value above and below the split point
    return data[int(i)]*(1-diff)+data[int(i)+1]*(diff)

# Data
data=[1,2,3,4,5]
# For the median
print(get_percentile(data=data, percentile=.50))
# > 3
print(get_percentile(data=data, percentile=.75))
# > 4

# Note the weighted average difference when an int is not returned by the percentile
print(get_percentile(data=data, percentile=.51))
# > 3.04

实现它:

def median(numbers):
    """
    Calculate median of a list numbers.
    :param numbers: the numbers to be calculated.
    :return: median value of numbers.

    >>> median([1, 3, 3, 6, 7, 8, 9])
    6
    >>> median([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9])
    4.5
    >>> import statistics
    >>> import random
    >>> numbers = random.sample(range(-50, 50), k=100)
    >>> statistics.median(numbers) == median(numbers)
    True
    """
    numbers = sorted(numbers)
    mid_index = len(numbers) // 2
    return (
        (numbers[mid_index] + numbers[mid_index - 1]) / 2 if mid_index % 2 == 0
        else numbers[mid_index]
    )


if __name__ == "__main__":
    from doctest import testmod

    testmod()

来源

简单地说，创建一个中值函数，参数为数字列表，并调用该函数。

def median(l):
    l = sorted(l)
    lent = len(l)
    if (lent % 2) == 0:
        m = int(lent / 2)
        result = l[m]
    else:
        m = int(float(lent / 2) - 0.5)
        result = l[m]
    return result

以下是我在Codecademy的练习中得出的结论:

def median(data):
    new_list = sorted(data)
    if len(new_list)%2 > 0:
        return new_list[len(new_list)/2]
    elif len(new_list)%2 == 0:
        return (new_list[(len(new_list)/2)] + new_list[(len(new_list)/2)-1]) /2.0

print median([1,2,3,4,5,9])

我在浮点值列表中遇到了一些问题。我最终使用了来自python3统计数据的代码片段。中位数和工作完美的浮动值没有导入。源

def calculateMedian(list):
    data = sorted(list)
    n = len(data)
    if n == 0:
        return None
    if n % 2 == 1:
        return data[n // 2]
    else:
        i = n // 2
        return (data[i - 1] + data[i]) / 2

我所做的是:

def median(a):
    a = sorted(a)
    if len(a) / 2 != int:
        return a[len(a) / 2]
    else:
        return (a[len(a) / 2] + a[(len(a) / 2) - 1]) / 2

解释:基本上，如果列表中的项目数量是奇数，则返回中间的数字，否则，如果你是偶数列表的一半，python会自动舍入较大的数字，这样我们就知道在它之前的数字会少一个(因为我们对它进行了排序)，我们可以将默认的较大数字和小于它的数字相加，然后除以2得到中位数。