在Python中如何找到列表的中值?列表可以是任意大小的,并且数字不保证是任何特定的顺序。

如果列表包含偶数个元素,则函数应返回中间两个元素的平均值。

以下是一些例子(为了便于展示,进行了排序):

median([1]) == 1
median([1, 1]) == 1
median([1, 1, 2, 4]) == 1.5
median([0, 2, 5, 6, 8, 9, 9]) == 6
median([0, 0, 0, 0, 4, 4, 6, 8]) == 2

当前回答

def median(array):
    """Calculate median of the given list.
    """
    # TODO: use statistics.median in Python 3
    array = sorted(array)
    half, odd = divmod(len(array), 2)
    if odd:
        return array[half]
    return (array[half - 1] + array[half]) / 2.0

其他回答

更普遍的中位数(和百分位数)方法是:

def get_percentile(data, percentile):
    # Get the number of observations
    cnt=len(data)
    # Sort the list
    data=sorted(data)
    # Determine the split point
    i=(cnt-1)*percentile
    # Find the `floor` of the split point
    diff=i-int(i)
    # Return the weighted average of the value above and below the split point
    return data[int(i)]*(1-diff)+data[int(i)+1]*(diff)

# Data
data=[1,2,3,4,5]
# For the median
print(get_percentile(data=data, percentile=.50))
# > 3
print(get_percentile(data=data, percentile=.75))
# > 4

# Note the weighted average difference when an int is not returned by the percentile
print(get_percentile(data=data, percentile=.51))
# > 3.04

Python 3.4有statistics.median:

返回数值数据的中位数(中间值)。 当数据点数为奇数时,返回中间的数据点。 当数据点数为偶数时,通过取两个中间值的平均值来插值中位数: >>>中位数([1,3,5]) 3. >>>中位数([1,3,5,7]) 4.0

用法:

import statistics

items = [6, 1, 8, 2, 3]

statistics.median(items)
#>>> 3

它对类型也非常小心:

statistics.median(map(float, items))
#>>> 3.0

from decimal import Decimal
statistics.median(map(Decimal, items))
#>>> Decimal('3')

sorted()函数对此非常有用。使用排序函数 要对列表排序,只需返回中间值(或两个中间值的平均值) 如果列表包含偶数个元素,则为。

def median(lst):
    sortedLst = sorted(lst)
    lstLen = len(lst)
    index = (lstLen - 1) // 2
   
    if (lstLen % 2):
        return sortedLst[index]
    else:
        return (sortedLst[index] + sortedLst[index + 1])/2.0

如果您需要关于列表分布的额外信息,百分位数方法可能会很有用。中位数对应于列表的第50个百分位数:

import numpy as np
a = np.array([1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9])
median_value = np.percentile(a, 50) # return 50th percentile
print median_value 

一个返回给定列表中值的简单函数:

def median(lst):
    lst = sorted(lst)  # Sort the list first
    if len(lst) % 2 == 0:  # Checking if the length is even
        # Applying formula which is sum of middle two divided by 2
        return (lst[len(lst) // 2] + lst[(len(lst) - 1) // 2]) / 2
    else:
        # If length is odd then get middle value
        return lst[len(lst) // 2]

一些关于中值函数的例子:

>>> median([9, 12, 20, 21, 34, 80])  # Even
20.5
>>> median([9, 12, 80, 21, 34])  # Odd
21

如果你想使用库,你可以简单地做:

>>> import statistics
>>> statistics.median([9, 12, 20, 21, 34, 80])  # Even
20.5
>>> statistics.median([9, 12, 80, 21, 34])  # Odd
21