我如何在Java中打印一个二叉树，这样输出就像:
4
/ \
2 5
我的节点:
public class Node<A extends Comparable> {
Node<A> left, right;
A data;
public Node(A data){
this.data = data;
}
}
当前回答
下面是可视化树的另一种方法:将节点保存为xml文件，然后让浏览器显示层次结构:
class treeNode{
int key;
treeNode left;
treeNode right;
public treeNode(int key){
this.key = key;
left = right = null;
}
public void printNode(StringBuilder output, String dir){
output.append("<node key='" + key + "' dir='" + dir + "'>");
if(left != null)
left.printNode(output, "l");
if(right != null)
right.printNode(output, "r");
output.append("</node>");
}
}
class tree{
private treeNode treeRoot;
public tree(int key){
treeRoot = new treeNode(key);
}
public void insert(int key){
insert(treeRoot, key);
}
private treeNode insert(treeNode root, int key){
if(root == null){
treeNode child = new treeNode(key);
return child;
}
if(key < root.key)
root.left = insert(root.left, key);
else if(key > root.key)
root.right = insert(root.right, key);
return root;
}
public void saveTreeAsXml(){
StringBuilder strOutput = new StringBuilder();
strOutput.append("<?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"UTF-8\"?>");
treeRoot.printNode(strOutput, "root");
try {
PrintWriter writer = new PrintWriter("C:/tree.xml", "UTF-8");
writer.write(strOutput.toString());
writer.close();
}
catch (FileNotFoundException e){
}
catch(UnsupportedEncodingException e){
}
}
}
下面是测试它的代码:
tree t = new tree(1);
t.insert(10);
t.insert(5);
t.insert(4);
t.insert(20);
t.insert(40);
t.insert(30);
t.insert(80);
t.insert(60);
t.insert(50);
t.saveTreeAsXml();
输出如下所示:
其他回答
下面是可视化树的另一种方法:将节点保存为xml文件，然后让浏览器显示层次结构:
class treeNode{
int key;
treeNode left;
treeNode right;
public treeNode(int key){
this.key = key;
left = right = null;
}
public void printNode(StringBuilder output, String dir){
output.append("<node key='" + key + "' dir='" + dir + "'>");
if(left != null)
left.printNode(output, "l");
if(right != null)
right.printNode(output, "r");
output.append("</node>");
}
}
class tree{
private treeNode treeRoot;
public tree(int key){
treeRoot = new treeNode(key);
}
public void insert(int key){
insert(treeRoot, key);
}
private treeNode insert(treeNode root, int key){
if(root == null){
treeNode child = new treeNode(key);
return child;
}
if(key < root.key)
root.left = insert(root.left, key);
else if(key > root.key)
root.right = insert(root.right, key);
return root;
}
public void saveTreeAsXml(){
StringBuilder strOutput = new StringBuilder();
strOutput.append("<?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"UTF-8\"?>");
treeRoot.printNode(strOutput, "root");
try {
PrintWriter writer = new PrintWriter("C:/tree.xml", "UTF-8");
writer.write(strOutput.toString());
writer.close();
}
catch (FileNotFoundException e){
}
catch(UnsupportedEncodingException e){
}
}
}
下面是测试它的代码:
tree t = new tree(1);
t.insert(10);
t.insert(5);
t.insert(4);
t.insert(20);
t.insert(40);
t.insert(30);
t.insert(80);
t.insert(60);
t.insert(50);
t.saveTreeAsXml();
输出如下所示:
我已经创建了简单的二叉树打印机。您可以随心所欲地使用和修改它，但无论如何它都没有优化。我认为这里有很多东西可以改进;)
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.List;
public class BTreePrinterTest {
private static Node<Integer> test1() {
Node<Integer> root = new Node<Integer>(2);
Node<Integer> n11 = new Node<Integer>(7);
Node<Integer> n12 = new Node<Integer>(5);
Node<Integer> n21 = new Node<Integer>(2);
Node<Integer> n22 = new Node<Integer>(6);
Node<Integer> n23 = new Node<Integer>(3);
Node<Integer> n24 = new Node<Integer>(6);
Node<Integer> n31 = new Node<Integer>(5);
Node<Integer> n32 = new Node<Integer>(8);
Node<Integer> n33 = new Node<Integer>(4);
Node<Integer> n34 = new Node<Integer>(5);
Node<Integer> n35 = new Node<Integer>(8);
Node<Integer> n36 = new Node<Integer>(4);
Node<Integer> n37 = new Node<Integer>(5);
Node<Integer> n38 = new Node<Integer>(8);
root.left = n11;
root.right = n12;
n11.left = n21;
n11.right = n22;
n12.left = n23;
n12.right = n24;
n21.left = n31;
n21.right = n32;
n22.left = n33;
n22.right = n34;
n23.left = n35;
n23.right = n36;
n24.left = n37;
n24.right = n38;
return root;
}
private static Node<Integer> test2() {
Node<Integer> root = new Node<Integer>(2);
Node<Integer> n11 = new Node<Integer>(7);
Node<Integer> n12 = new Node<Integer>(5);
Node<Integer> n21 = new Node<Integer>(2);
Node<Integer> n22 = new Node<Integer>(6);
Node<Integer> n23 = new Node<Integer>(9);
Node<Integer> n31 = new Node<Integer>(5);
Node<Integer> n32 = new Node<Integer>(8);
Node<Integer> n33 = new Node<Integer>(4);
root.left = n11;
root.right = n12;
n11.left = n21;
n11.right = n22;
n12.right = n23;
n22.left = n31;
n22.right = n32;
n23.left = n33;
return root;
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
BTreePrinter.printNode(test1());
BTreePrinter.printNode(test2());
}
}
class Node<T extends Comparable<?>> {
Node<T> left, right;
T data;
public Node(T data) {
this.data = data;
}
}
class BTreePrinter {
public static <T extends Comparable<?>> void printNode(Node<T> root) {
int maxLevel = BTreePrinter.maxLevel(root);
printNodeInternal(Collections.singletonList(root), 1, maxLevel);
}
private static <T extends Comparable<?>> void printNodeInternal(List<Node<T>> nodes, int level, int maxLevel) {
if (nodes.isEmpty() || BTreePrinter.isAllElementsNull(nodes))
return;
int floor = maxLevel - level;
int endgeLines = (int) Math.pow(2, (Math.max(floor - 1, 0)));
int firstSpaces = (int) Math.pow(2, (floor)) - 1;
int betweenSpaces = (int) Math.pow(2, (floor + 1)) - 1;
BTreePrinter.printWhitespaces(firstSpaces);
List<Node<T>> newNodes = new ArrayList<Node<T>>();
for (Node<T> node : nodes) {
if (node != null) {
System.out.print(node.data);
newNodes.add(node.left);
newNodes.add(node.right);
} else {
newNodes.add(null);
newNodes.add(null);
System.out.print(" ");
}
BTreePrinter.printWhitespaces(betweenSpaces);
}
System.out.println("");
for (int i = 1; i <= endgeLines; i++) {
for (int j = 0; j < nodes.size(); j++) {
BTreePrinter.printWhitespaces(firstSpaces - i);
if (nodes.get(j) == null) {
BTreePrinter.printWhitespaces(endgeLines + endgeLines + i + 1);
continue;
}
if (nodes.get(j).left != null)
System.out.print("/");
else
BTreePrinter.printWhitespaces(1);
BTreePrinter.printWhitespaces(i + i - 1);
if (nodes.get(j).right != null)
System.out.print("\\");
else
BTreePrinter.printWhitespaces(1);
BTreePrinter.printWhitespaces(endgeLines + endgeLines - i);
}
System.out.println("");
}
printNodeInternal(newNodes, level + 1, maxLevel);
}
private static void printWhitespaces(int count) {
for (int i = 0; i < count; i++)
System.out.print(" ");
}
private static <T extends Comparable<?>> int maxLevel(Node<T> node) {
if (node == null)
return 0;
return Math.max(BTreePrinter.maxLevel(node.left), BTreePrinter.maxLevel(node.right)) + 1;
}
private static <T> boolean isAllElementsNull(List<T> list) {
for (Object object : list) {
if (object != null)
return false;
}
return true;
}
}
输出1:
2
/ \
/ \
/ \
/ \
7 5
/ \ / \
/ \ / \
2 6 3 6
/ \ / \ / \ / \
5 8 4 5 8 4 5 8
输出2:
2
/ \
/ \
/ \
/ \
7 5
/ \ \
/ \ \
2 6 9
/ \ /
5 8 4
public void printPreety() {
List<TreeNode> list = new ArrayList<TreeNode>();
list.add(head);
printTree(list, getHeight(head));
}
public int getHeight(TreeNode head) {
if (head == null) {
return 0;
} else {
return 1 + Math.max(getHeight(head.left), getHeight(head.right));
}
}
/**
* pass head node in list and height of the tree
*
* @param levelNodes
* @param level
*/
private void printTree(List<TreeNode> levelNodes, int level) {
List<TreeNode> nodes = new ArrayList<TreeNode>();
//indentation for first node in given level
printIndentForLevel(level);
for (TreeNode treeNode : levelNodes) {
//print node data
System.out.print(treeNode == null?" ":treeNode.data);
//spacing between nodes
printSpacingBetweenNodes(level);
//if its not a leaf node
if(level>1){
nodes.add(treeNode == null? null:treeNode.left);
nodes.add(treeNode == null? null:treeNode.right);
}
}
System.out.println();
if(level>1){
printTree(nodes, level-1);
}
}
private void printIndentForLevel(int level){
for (int i = (int) (Math.pow(2,level-1)); i >0; i--) {
System.out.print(" ");
}
}
private void printSpacingBetweenNodes(int level){
//spacing between nodes
for (int i = (int) ((Math.pow(2,level-1))*2)-1; i >0; i--) {
System.out.print(" ");
}
}
Prints Tree in following format:
4
3 7
1 5 8
2 10
9
https://github.com/AharonSambol/PrettyPrintTreeJava
我知道我迟到了。但是我做了这个解决方案，不仅适用于简单的树，也适用于更复杂的树(如多行字符串)
示例输出:
与垂直表示相比，水平表示有点复杂。垂直打印只是简单的RNL(右->节点->左或镜像的顺序)遍历，以便先打印右子树，然后打印左子树。
def printFullTree(root, delim=' ', idnt=[], left=None):
if root:
idnt.append(delim)
x, y = setDelims(left)
printFullTree(root.right, x, idnt, False)
indent2(root.val, idnt)
printFullTree(root.left, y, idnt, True)
idnt.pop()
def setDelims(left):
x = ' '; y='|'
return (y,x) if (left == True) else (x,y) if (left == False) else (x,x)
def indent2(x, idnt, width=6):
for delim in idnt:
print(delim + ' '*(width-1), end='')
print('|->', x)
output:
|-> 15
|-> 14
| |-> 13
|-> 12
| | |-> 11
| |-> 10
| |-> 9
|-> 8
| |-> 7
| |-> 6
| | |-> 4
|-> 3
| |-> 2
|-> 1
|-> 0
在水平表示中，显示由TreeMap的HashMap或HashMap<Integer, TreeMap<Integer, Object>> xy构建;其中HashMap包含节点的y轴/level_no作为Key, TreeMap作为value。Treemap内部保存同一级别的所有节点，按它们的x轴值排序，作为键，从最左端开始-ve，根=0，最右端=+ve。
如果使用自平衡树/Treap，则使用HashMap使算法在每个级别的O(1)查找中工作，并在O(logn)中使用TreeMap排序。
不过，在这样做的时候，不要忘记为空子存储占位符，例如' '/空格，这样树看起来就像预期的那样。
现在唯一剩下的就是计算水平节点的距离，这可以用一些数学计算来完成，
计算树的宽度和高度。 一旦完成，在显示节点时，根据计算的宽度，高度和倾斜信息(如果有的话)，以最佳距离呈现它们。
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