从一个完全不同和简单的角度来看:

if you are relying on Google for showing your maps, markers, polygons, whatever, then let the calculations be done by Google! you save resources on your server and you simply store the latitude and longitude together as a single string (VARCHAR), E.g.: "-0000.0000001,-0000.000000000000001" (35 length and if a number has more than 7 decimal digits then it gets rounded); if Google returns more than 7 decimal digits per number, you can get that data stored in your string anyway, just in case you want to detect some flees or microbes in the future; you can use their distance matrix or their geometry library for calculating distances or detecting points in certain areas with calls as simple as this: google.maps.geometry.poly.containsLocation(latLng, bermudaTrianglePolygon)) there are plenty of "server-side" APIs you can use (in Python, Ruby on Rails, PHP, CodeIgniter, Laravel, Yii, Zend Framework, etc.) that use Google Maps API.

这样，您就不必担心索引号和与数据类型相关的所有其他问题，这些问题可能会破坏您的坐标。

这取决于你需要的精度。

Datatype           Bytes       resolution
------------------ -----  --------------------------------
Deg*100 (SMALLINT)     4  1570 m    1.0 mi  Cities
DECIMAL(4,2)/(5,2)     5  1570 m    1.0 mi  Cities
SMALLINT scaled        4   682 m    0.4 mi  Cities
Deg*10000 (MEDIUMINT)  6    16 m     52 ft  Houses/Businesses
DECIMAL(6,4)/(7,4)     7    16 m     52 ft  Houses/Businesses
MEDIUMINT scaled       6   2.7 m    8.8 ft
FLOAT                  8   1.7 m    5.6 ft
DECIMAL(8,6)/(9,6)     9    16cm    1/2 ft  Friends in a mall
Deg*10000000 (INT)     8    16mm    5/8 in  Marbles
DOUBLE                16   3.5nm     ...    Fleas on a dog

来自:http://mysql.rjweb.org/doc.php/latlng

总结:

最精确的可用选项是DOUBLE。 最常见的使用类型是DECIMAL(8,6)/(9,6)。

从MySQL 5.7开始，考虑使用空间数据类型(SDT)，特别是POINT来存储单个坐标。在5.7之前，SDT不支持索引(5.6除外，当表类型为MyISAM时)。

注意:

使用POINT类时，用于存储坐标的参数的顺序必须是POINT(纬度，经度)。 创建空间索引有一种特殊的语法。 使用SDT的最大好处是您可以访问空间分析函数，例如计算两点之间的距离(ST_Distance)和确定一个点是否包含在另一个区域(ST_Contains)。

根据这篇维基文章 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decimal_degrees#Accuracy MySQL中适当的数据类型是Decimal(9,6)，用于存储经度和纬度 单独的字段。

从一个完全不同和简单的角度来看:

if you are relying on Google for showing your maps, markers, polygons, whatever, then let the calculations be done by Google! you save resources on your server and you simply store the latitude and longitude together as a single string (VARCHAR), E.g.: "-0000.0000001,-0000.000000000000001" (35 length and if a number has more than 7 decimal digits then it gets rounded); if Google returns more than 7 decimal digits per number, you can get that data stored in your string anyway, just in case you want to detect some flees or microbes in the future; you can use their distance matrix or their geometry library for calculating distances or detecting points in certain areas with calls as simple as this: google.maps.geometry.poly.containsLocation(latLng, bermudaTrianglePolygon)) there are plenty of "server-side" APIs you can use (in Python, Ruby on Rails, PHP, CodeIgniter, Laravel, Yii, Zend Framework, etc.) that use Google Maps API.

这样，您就不必担心索引号和与数据类型相关的所有其他问题，这些问题可能会破坏您的坐标。

Lat Long计算需要精度，因此使用某种类型的十进制类型，并使精度至少比您要存储的数字高2，以便执行数学计算。我不知道我的sql数据类型，但在sql server中，人们经常使用浮点数或实数而不是十进制，这就陷入了麻烦，因为这些是估计值而不是实数。所以只要确保你使用的数据类型是一个真正的十进制类型，而不是一个浮动十进制类型，你就可以了。

基本上，这取决于你需要的定位精度。使用DOUBLE可以获得3.5nm的精度。DECIMAL(8,6)/(9,6)减小到16cm。FLOAT是1.7米…

这个非常有趣的表格有一个更完整的列表:http://mysql.rjweb.org/doc.php/latlng:

Datatype               Bytes            Resolution

Deg*100 (SMALLINT)     4      1570 m    1.0 mi  Cities
DECIMAL(4,2)/(5,2)     5      1570 m    1.0 mi  Cities
SMALLINT scaled        4       682 m    0.4 mi  Cities
Deg*10000 (MEDIUMINT)  6        16 m     52 ft  Houses/Businesses
DECIMAL(6,4)/(7,4)     7        16 m     52 ft  Houses/Businesses
MEDIUMINT scaled       6       2.7 m    8.8 ft
FLOAT                  8       1.7 m    5.6 ft
DECIMAL(8,6)/(9,6)     9        16cm    1/2 ft  Friends in a mall
Deg*10000000 (INT)     8        16mm    5/8 in  Marbles
DOUBLE                16       3.5nm     ...    Fleas on a dog