仍然没有找到一个好的库来生成有效的文件名。注意，在德语、挪威语或法语等语言中，文件名中的特殊字符非常常见，完全可以接受。所以我最终有了自己的图书馆:

# util/files.py

CHAR_MAX_LEN = 31
CHAR_REPLACE = '_'

ILLEGAL_CHARS = [
    '#',  # pound
    '%',  # percent
    '&',  # ampersand
    '{',  # left curly bracket
    '}',  # right curly bracket
    '\\',  # back slash
    '<',  # left angle bracket
    '>',  # right angle bracket
    '*',  # asterisk
    '?',  # question mark
    '/',  # forward slash
    ' ',  # blank spaces
    '$',  # dollar sign
    '!',  # exclamation point
    "'",  # single quotes
    '"',  # double quotes
    ':',  # colon
    '@',  # at sign
    '+',  # plus sign
    '`',  # backtick
    '|',  # pipe
    '=',  # equal sign
]


def generate_filename(
        name, char_replace=CHAR_REPLACE, length=CHAR_MAX_LEN, 
        illegal=ILLEGAL_CHARS, replace_dot=False):
    ''' return clean filename '''
    # init
    _elem = name.split('.')
    extension = _elem[-1].strip()
    _length = length - len(extension) - 1
    label = '.'.join(_elem[:-1]).strip()[:_length]
    filename = ''
    
    # replace '.' ?
    if replace_dot:
        label = label.replace('.', char_replace)
    
    # clean
    for char in label + '.' + extension:
        if char in illegal:
            char = char_replace
        filename += char      
    
    return filename

generate_虚构(“nucgae zutaaer .0.1 docx”，replace_dot=False)

nucgae_zutaäer..0.1.docx

generate_虚构(“nucgae zutaaer .0.1 docx”，replace_dot=True)

nucgae_zutaäer__0_1.docx

这是Windows特定路径的另一个答案，使用简单的替换，没有时髦的模块:

import re

def check_for_illegal_char(input_str):
    # remove illegal characters for Windows file names/paths 
    # (illegal filenames are a superset (41) of the illegal path names (36))
    # this is according to windows blacklist obtained with Powershell
    # from: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/1976007/what-characters-are-forbidden-in-windows-and-linux-directory-names/44750843#44750843
    #
    # PS> $enc = [system.Text.Encoding]::UTF8
    # PS> $FileNameInvalidChars = [System.IO.Path]::GetInvalidFileNameChars()
    # PS> $FileNameInvalidChars | foreach { $enc.GetBytes($_) } | Out-File -FilePath InvalidFileCharCodes.txt

    illegal = '\u0022\u003c\u003e\u007c\u0000\u0001\u0002\u0003\u0004\u0005\u0006\u0007\u0008' + \
              '\u0009\u000a\u000b\u000c\u000d\u000e\u000f\u0010\u0011\u0012\u0013\u0014\u0015' + \
              '\u0016\u0017\u0018\u0019\u001a\u001b\u001c\u001d\u001e\u001f\u003a\u002a\u003f\u005c\u002f' 

    output_str, _ = re.subn('['+illegal+']','_', input_str)
    output_str = output_str.replace('\\','_')   # backslash cannot be handled by regex
    output_str = output_str.replace('..','_')   # double dots are illegal too, or at least a bad idea 
    output_str = output_str[:-1] if output_str[-1] == '.' else output_str # can't have end of line '.'

    if output_str != input_str:
        print(f"The name '{input_str}' had invalid characters, "
              f"name was modified to '{output_str}'")

    return output_str

当测试check_for_illegal_char('fas\u0003\u0004good\\..asd.')，我得到:

The name 'fas♥♦good\..asd.' had invalid characters, name was modified to 'fas__good__asd'

更新

在这个6年的答案中，所有的链接都无法修复。

同样，我也不会再这样做了，只是base64编码或删除不安全的字符。Python 3示例:

import re
t = re.compile("[a-zA-Z0-9.,_-]")
unsafe = "abc∂éåß®∆˚˙©¬ñ√ƒµ©∆∫ø"
safe = [ch for ch in unsafe if t.match(ch)]
# => 'abc'

使用base64可以进行编码和解码，因此可以再次检索原始文件名。

但是根据用例，最好生成一个随机文件名并将元数据存储在单独的文件或DB中。

from random import choice
from string import ascii_lowercase, ascii_uppercase, digits
allowed_chr = ascii_lowercase + ascii_uppercase + digits

safe = ''.join([choice(allowed_chr) for _ in range(16)])
# => 'CYQ4JDKE9JfcRzAZ'

原文链接:

bobcat项目包含了一个python模块来完成这个任务。

它不是完全健壮的，看看这篇文章和这个回复。

因此，如前所述:如果可读性不重要，base64编码可能是一个更好的主意。

文档https://svn.origo.ethz.ch/bobcat/src-doc/safefilename-module.html 源https://svn.origo.ethz.ch/bobcat/trunk/src/bobcatlib/safefilename.py

请记住，在Unix系统上实际上没有文件名限制

它可能不包含\0 它可能不包含/

其他一切都是公平的。

$ touch "
> even multiline
> haha
> ^[[31m red ^[[0m
> evil"
$ ls -la 
-rw-r--r--       0 Nov 17 23:39 ?even multiline?haha??[31m red ?[0m?evil
$ ls -lab
-rw-r--r--       0 Nov 17 23:39 \neven\ multiline\nhaha\n\033[31m\ red\ \033[0m\nevil
$ perl -e 'for my $i ( glob(q{./*even*}) ){ print $i; } '
./
even multiline
haha
 red 
evil

是的，我只是将ANSI颜色代码存储在一个文件名中，并使它们生效。

为了娱乐，在目录名中放入一个BEL字符，并观看当您CD到其中时所产生的乐趣;)

This whitelist approach (ie, allowing only the chars present in valid_chars) will work if there aren't limits on the formatting of the files or combination of valid chars that are illegal (like ".."), for example, what you say would allow a filename named " . txt" which I think is not valid on Windows. As this is the most simple approach I'd try to remove whitespace from the valid_chars and prepend a known valid string in case of error, any other approach will have to know about what is allowed where to cope with Windows file naming limitations and thus be a lot more complex.

>>> import string
>>> valid_chars = "-_.() %s%s" % (string.ascii_letters, string.digits)
>>> valid_chars
'-_.() abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ0123456789'
>>> filename = "This Is a (valid) - filename%$&$ .txt"
>>> ''.join(c for c in filename if c in valid_chars)
'This Is a (valid) - filename .txt'

仍然没有找到一个好的库来生成有效的文件名。注意，在德语、挪威语或法语等语言中，文件名中的特殊字符非常常见，完全可以接受。所以我最终有了自己的图书馆:

# util/files.py

CHAR_MAX_LEN = 31
CHAR_REPLACE = '_'

ILLEGAL_CHARS = [
    '#',  # pound
    '%',  # percent
    '&',  # ampersand
    '{',  # left curly bracket
    '}',  # right curly bracket
    '\\',  # back slash
    '<',  # left angle bracket
    '>',  # right angle bracket
    '*',  # asterisk
    '?',  # question mark
    '/',  # forward slash
    ' ',  # blank spaces
    '$',  # dollar sign
    '!',  # exclamation point
    "'",  # single quotes
    '"',  # double quotes
    ':',  # colon
    '@',  # at sign
    '+',  # plus sign
    '`',  # backtick
    '|',  # pipe
    '=',  # equal sign
]


def generate_filename(
        name, char_replace=CHAR_REPLACE, length=CHAR_MAX_LEN, 
        illegal=ILLEGAL_CHARS, replace_dot=False):
    ''' return clean filename '''
    # init
    _elem = name.split('.')
    extension = _elem[-1].strip()
    _length = length - len(extension) - 1
    label = '.'.join(_elem[:-1]).strip()[:_length]
    filename = ''
    
    # replace '.' ?
    if replace_dot:
        label = label.replace('.', char_replace)
    
    # clean
    for char in label + '.' + extension:
        if char in illegal:
            char = char_replace
        filename += char      
    
    return filename

generate_虚构(“nucgae zutaaer .0.1 docx”，replace_dot=False)

nucgae_zutaäer..0.1.docx

generate_虚构(“nucgae zutaaer .0.1 docx”，replace_dot=True)

nucgae_zutaäer__0_1.docx