静态方法和变量是Java中“全局”函数和变量的受控版本。其中方法可以作为classname.methodName()或classInstanceName.methodName()访问，即静态方法和变量可以使用类名以及类的实例访问。

类不能被声明为静态的(因为它没有意义。如果一个类被声明为public，它可以从任何地方访问)，内部类可以被声明为static。

java中的静态方法属于类(而不是类的实例)。它们不使用实例变量，通常从参数中获取输入，对其执行操作，然后返回一些结果。实例方法与对象相关联，并且，顾名思义，可以使用实例变量。

使用静态方法有一些合理的理由:

Performance: if you want some code to be run, and don't want to instantiate an extra object to do so, shove it into a static method. The JVM also can optimize static methods a lot (I think I've once read James Gosling declaring that you don't need custom instructions in the JVM, since static methods will be just as fast, but couldn't find the source - thus it could be completely false). Yes, it is micro-optimization, and probably unneeded. And we programmers never do unneeded things just because they are cool, right? Practicality: instead of calling new Util().method(arg), call Util.method(arg), or method(arg) with static imports. Easier, shorter. Adding methods: you really wanted the class String to have a removeSpecialChars() instance method, but it's not there (and it shouldn't, since your project's special characters may be different from the other project's), and you can't add it (since Java is somewhat sane), so you create an utility class, and call removeSpecialChars(s) instead of s.removeSpecialChars(). Sweet. Purity: taking some precautions, your static method will be a pure function, that is, the only thing it depends on is its parameters. Data in, data out. This is easier to read and debug, since you don't have inheritance quirks to worry about. You can do it with instance methods too, but the compiler will help you a little more with static methods (by not allowing references to instance attributes, overriding methods, etc.).

如果你想创建一个单例，你还必须创建一个静态方法，但是…不喜欢。我的意思是，三思而后行。

更重要的是，为什么不想创建静态方法?基本上，多态被抛在了脑后。你不能重写这个方法，也不能在接口中声明它(在java 8之前)。这给你的设计带来了很大的灵活性。此外，如果您需要状态，如果您不小心，您将以大量并发错误和/或瓶颈告终。

静态方法是一种不需要初始化任何对象就可以调用的方法。你注意到静态是用在Java的main函数中吗?程序从那里开始执行，不需要创建对象。

考虑下面的例子:

 class Languages 
 {
     public static void main(String[] args) 
     {
         display();
     }

     static void display() 
     {
         System.out.println("Java is my favorite programming language.");
     }
  }

不，静态方法不与实例关联;他们属于这个阶层。静态方法是第二个例子;实例方法是第一个。

你应该在任何时候使用静态方法，

方法中的代码不依赖于实例创建，而是依赖于实例创建 不使用任何实例变量。 特定的一段代码将由所有实例方法共享。 不应更改或重写方法的定义。 您正在编写不应该更改的实用程序类。

https://www.tutorialspoint.com/When-to-use-static-methods-in-Java