似乎许多其他帖子都关心速度(即最好=最快)。 简单性怎么样?考虑:

char ReverseBits(char character) {
    char reversed_character = 0;
    for (int i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
        char ith_bit = (c >> i) & 1;
        reversed_character |= (ith_bit << (sizeof(char) - 1 - i));
    }
    return reversed_character;
}

并希望聪明的编译器将为您优化。

如果你想反转一个更长的位列表(包含sizeof(char) * n位)，你可以使用这个函数得到:

void ReverseNumber(char* number, int bit_count_in_number) {
    int bytes_occupied = bit_count_in_number / sizeof(char);      

    // first reverse bytes
    for (int i = 0; i <= (bytes_occupied / 2); i++) {
        swap(long_number[i], long_number[n - i]);
    }

    // then reverse bits of each individual byte
    for (int i = 0; i < bytes_occupied; i++) {
         long_number[i] = ReverseBits(long_number[i]);
    }
}

这将把[10000000,10101010]反向转换为[01010101,00000001]。

unsigned char ReverseBits(unsigned char data)
{
    unsigned char k = 0, rev = 0;

    unsigned char n = data;

    while(n)

    {
        k = n & (~(n - 1));
        n &= (n - 1);
        rev |= (128 / k);
    }
    return rev;
}

// Purpose: to reverse bits in an unsigned short integer 
// Input: an unsigned short integer whose bits are to be reversed
// Output: an unsigned short integer with the reversed bits of the input one
unsigned short ReverseBits( unsigned short a )
{
     // declare and initialize number of bits in the unsigned short integer
     const char num_bits = sizeof(a) * CHAR_BIT;

     // declare and initialize bitset representation of integer a
     bitset<num_bits> bitset_a(a);          

     // declare and initialize bitset representation of integer b (0000000000000000)
     bitset<num_bits> bitset_b(0);                  

     // declare and initialize bitset representation of mask (0000000000000001)
     bitset<num_bits> mask(1);          

     for ( char i = 0; i < num_bits; ++i )
     {
          bitset_b = (bitset_b << 1) | bitset_a & mask;
          bitset_a >>= 1;
     }

     return (unsigned short) bitset_b.to_ulong();
}

void PrintBits( unsigned short a )
{
     // declare and initialize bitset representation of a
     bitset<sizeof(a) * CHAR_BIT> bitset(a);

     // print out bits
     cout << bitset << endl;
}


// Testing the functionality of the code

int main ()
{
     unsigned short a = 17, b;

     cout << "Original: "; 
     PrintBits(a);

     b = ReverseBits( a );

     cout << "Reversed: ";
     PrintBits(b);
}

// Output:
Original: 0000000000010001
Reversed: 1000100000000000

我很好奇原始旋转有多快。 在我的机器(i7@2600)上，1,500,150,000次迭代的平均值为27.28 ns(在131,071个64位整数的随机集上)。

优点:占用内存少，代码简单。我想说它也没有那么大。对于任何输入(128个算术SHIFT运算+ 64个逻辑and运算+ 64个逻辑OR运算)，所需的时间都是可预测的常量。

我比较了@Matt J获得的最佳时间，他有公认的答案。如果我没有看错他的答案，他得到的最好结果是0.631739秒，100万次迭代，这导致平均每次旋转631 ns。

我使用的代码片段如下:

unsigned long long reverse_long(unsigned long long x)
{
    return (((x >> 0) & 1) << 63) |
           (((x >> 1) & 1) << 62) |
           (((x >> 2) & 1) << 61) |
           (((x >> 3) & 1) << 60) |
           (((x >> 4) & 1) << 59) |
           (((x >> 5) & 1) << 58) |
           (((x >> 6) & 1) << 57) |
           (((x >> 7) & 1) << 56) |
           (((x >> 8) & 1) << 55) |
           (((x >> 9) & 1) << 54) |
           (((x >> 10) & 1) << 53) |
           (((x >> 11) & 1) << 52) |
           (((x >> 12) & 1) << 51) |
           (((x >> 13) & 1) << 50) |
           (((x >> 14) & 1) << 49) |
           (((x >> 15) & 1) << 48) |
           (((x >> 16) & 1) << 47) |
           (((x >> 17) & 1) << 46) |
           (((x >> 18) & 1) << 45) |
           (((x >> 19) & 1) << 44) |
           (((x >> 20) & 1) << 43) |
           (((x >> 21) & 1) << 42) |
           (((x >> 22) & 1) << 41) |
           (((x >> 23) & 1) << 40) |
           (((x >> 24) & 1) << 39) |
           (((x >> 25) & 1) << 38) |
           (((x >> 26) & 1) << 37) |
           (((x >> 27) & 1) << 36) |
           (((x >> 28) & 1) << 35) |
           (((x >> 29) & 1) << 34) |
           (((x >> 30) & 1) << 33) |
           (((x >> 31) & 1) << 32) |
           (((x >> 32) & 1) << 31) |
           (((x >> 33) & 1) << 30) |
           (((x >> 34) & 1) << 29) |
           (((x >> 35) & 1) << 28) |
           (((x >> 36) & 1) << 27) |
           (((x >> 37) & 1) << 26) |
           (((x >> 38) & 1) << 25) |
           (((x >> 39) & 1) << 24) |
           (((x >> 40) & 1) << 23) |
           (((x >> 41) & 1) << 22) |
           (((x >> 42) & 1) << 21) |
           (((x >> 43) & 1) << 20) |
           (((x >> 44) & 1) << 19) |
           (((x >> 45) & 1) << 18) |
           (((x >> 46) & 1) << 17) |
           (((x >> 47) & 1) << 16) |
           (((x >> 48) & 1) << 15) |
           (((x >> 49) & 1) << 14) |
           (((x >> 50) & 1) << 13) |
           (((x >> 51) & 1) << 12) |
           (((x >> 52) & 1) << 11) |
           (((x >> 53) & 1) << 10) |
           (((x >> 54) & 1) << 9) |
           (((x >> 55) & 1) << 8) |
           (((x >> 56) & 1) << 7) |
           (((x >> 57) & 1) << 6) |
           (((x >> 58) & 1) << 5) |
           (((x >> 59) & 1) << 4) |
           (((x >> 60) & 1) << 3) |
           (((x >> 61) & 1) << 2) |
           (((x >> 62) & 1) << 1) |
           (((x >> 63) & 1) << 0);
}

好吧，这基本上与第一个“reverse()”相同，但它是64位的，只需要从指令流中加载一个即时掩码。GCC创建的代码没有跳转，所以这应该是相当快的。

#include <stdio.h>

static unsigned long long swap64(unsigned long long val)
{
#define ZZZZ(x,s,m) (((x) >>(s)) & (m)) | (((x) & (m))<<(s));
/* val = (((val) >>16) & 0xFFFF0000FFFF) | (((val) & 0xFFFF0000FFFF)<<16); */

val = ZZZZ(val,32,  0x00000000FFFFFFFFull );
val = ZZZZ(val,16,  0x0000FFFF0000FFFFull );
val = ZZZZ(val,8,   0x00FF00FF00FF00FFull );
val = ZZZZ(val,4,   0x0F0F0F0F0F0F0F0Full );
val = ZZZZ(val,2,   0x3333333333333333ull );
val = ZZZZ(val,1,   0x5555555555555555ull );

return val;
#undef ZZZZ
}

int main(void)
{
unsigned long long val, aaaa[16] =
 { 0xfedcba9876543210,0xedcba9876543210f,0xdcba9876543210fe,0xcba9876543210fed
 , 0xba9876543210fedc,0xa9876543210fedcb,0x9876543210fedcba,0x876543210fedcba9
 , 0x76543210fedcba98,0x6543210fedcba987,0x543210fedcba9876,0x43210fedcba98765
 , 0x3210fedcba987654,0x210fedcba9876543,0x10fedcba98765432,0x0fedcba987654321
 };
unsigned iii;

for (iii=0; iii < 16; iii++) {
    val = swap64 (aaaa[iii]);
    printf("A[]=%016llX Sw=%016llx\n", aaaa[iii], val);
    }
return 0;
}

您可能希望使用标准模板库。它可能比上面提到的代码慢。然而，在我看来，这似乎更清楚，更容易理解。

 #include<bitset>
 #include<iostream>


 template<size_t N>
 const std::bitset<N> reverse(const std::bitset<N>& ordered)
 {
      std::bitset<N> reversed;
      for(size_t i = 0, j = N - 1; i < N; ++i, --j)
           reversed[j] = ordered[i];
      return reversed;
 };


 // test the function
 int main()
 {
      unsigned long num; 
      const size_t N = sizeof(num)*8;

      std::cin >> num;
      std::cout << std::showbase << std::hex;
      std::cout << "ordered  = " << num << std::endl;
      std::cout << "reversed = " << reverse<N>(num).to_ulong()  << std::endl;
      std::cout << "double_reversed = " << reverse<N>(reverse<N>(num)).to_ulong() << std::endl;  
 }