我有下面的代码，我在HackerRank上找到的，它很简单，适用于每一种情况。

SELECT M.MEDIAN_COL FROM MEDIAN_TABLE M WHERE  
  (SELECT COUNT(MEDIAN_COL) FROM MEDIAN_TABLE WHERE MEDIAN_COL < M.MEDIAN_COL ) = 
  (SELECT COUNT(MEDIAN_COL) FROM MEDIAN_TABLE WHERE MEDIAN_COL > M.MEDIAN_COL );

set @r = 0;

select  
    case when mod(c,2)=0 then round(sum(lat_N),4)
    else round(sum(lat_N)/2,4) 
    end as Med  
from 
    (select lat_N, @r := @r+1, @r as id from station order by lat_N) A
    cross join
    (select (count(1)+1)/2 as c from station) B
where id >= floor(c) and id <=ceil(c)

这是我的办法。当然，你可以把它放到一个过程中:-)

SET @median_counter = (SELECT FLOOR(COUNT(*)/2) - 1 AS `median_counter` FROM `data`);

SET @median = CONCAT('SELECT `val` FROM `data` ORDER BY `val` LIMIT ', @median_counter, ', 1');

PREPARE median FROM @median;

EXECUTE median;

你可以避免变量@median_counter，如果你替换它:

SET @median = CONCAT( 'SELECT `val` FROM `data` ORDER BY `val` LIMIT ',
                      (SELECT FLOOR(COUNT(*)/2) - 1 AS `median_counter` FROM `data`),
                      ', 1'
                    );

PREPARE median FROM @median;

EXECUTE median;

下面的查询对于奇数行和偶数行都非常有效。在子查询中，我们正在寻找前后行数相同的值。对于奇数行的情况，having子句的值将为0(前后相同的行数将抵消符号)。

类似地，对于偶数行，having子句对于两行(中间的两行)的计算结果为1，因为它们(总的来说)前后的行数相同。

在外层查询中，我们将平均出单个值(奇数行)或(偶数行2个值)。

select avg(val) as median
from
(
    select d1.val
    from data d1 cross join data d2
    group by d1.val
    having abs(sum(sign(d1.val-d2.val))) in (0,1)
) sub

注意:如果你的表有重复的值，上面的having子句应该更改为下面的条件。在这种情况下，可能有一些值超出了原来的可能性(0,1)下面的条件将使这个条件动态，并在重复的情况下工作。

having sum(case when d1.val=d2.val then 1 else 0 end)>=
abs(sum(sign(d1.val-d2.val)))

我发现接受的解决方案在我的MySQL安装上不起作用，返回一个空集，但这个查询在我测试的所有情况下都适用:

SELECT x.val from data x, data y
GROUP BY x.val
HAVING SUM(SIGN(1-SIGN(y.val-x.val)))/COUNT(*) > .5
LIMIT 1

ORACLE的简单解决方案:

SELECT ROUND(MEDIAN(Lat_N), 4) FROM Station;

简单的解决方案，理解MySQL:

select case MOD(count(lat_n),2) 
when 1 then (select round(S.LAT_N,4) from station S where (select count(Lat_N) from station where Lat_N < S.LAT_N ) = (select count(Lat_N) from station where Lat_N > S.LAT_N))
else (select round(AVG(S.LAT_N),4) from station S where 1 = (select count(Lat_N) from station where Lat_N < S.LAT_N ) - (select count(Lat_N) from station where Lat_N > S.LAT_N))
end from station;

解释

STATION是表名。LAT_N是具有数值的列名

假设站表中有101条记录(奇数)。这意味着如果表以asc或desc排序，则中位数是第51条记录。

In above query for every S.LAT_N of S table I am creating two tables. One for number of LAT_N values less than S.LAT_N and another for number of LAT_N values greater than S.LAT_N. Later I am comparing these two tables and if they are matched then I am selecting that S.LAT_N value. When I check for 51st records there are 50 values less than 51st record and there 50 records greater than 51st record. As you see, there are 50 records in both tables. So this is our answer. For every other record there are different number of records in two tables created for comparison. So, only 51st record meets the condition.

现在假设站表中有100条记录(偶数)。这意味着如果表以asc或desc排序，则中位数是第50条和第51条记录的平均值。

Same as odd logic I am creating two tables. One for number of LAT_N values less than S.LAT_N and another for number of LAT_N values greater than S.LAT_N. Later I am comparing these two tables and if their difference is equal to 1 then I am selecting that S.LAT_N value and find the average. When I check for 50th records there are 49 values less than 50th record and there 51 records greater than 50th record. As you see, there is difference of 1 record in both tables. So this(50th record) is our 1st record for average. Similarly, When I check for 51st records there are 50 values less than 51st record and there 49 records greater than 51st record. As you see, there is difference of 1 record in both tables. So this(51st record) is our 2nd record for average. For every other record there are different number of records in two tables created for comparison. So, only 50th and 51st records meet the condition.