用MySQL计算中位数最简单(希望不会太慢)的方法是什么?我已经使用AVG(x)来寻找平均值，但我很难找到一个简单的方法来计算中位数。现在，我将所有的行返回到PHP，进行排序，然后选择中间的行，但是肯定有一些简单的方法可以在一个MySQL查询中完成它。
示例数据:
id | val
--------
1 4
2 7
3 2
4 2
5 9
6 8
7 3
对val排序得到2 2 3 4 7 8 9，因此中位数应该是4，而SELECT AVG(val) == 5。
当前回答
一个简单的方法来计算中位数在MySQL
set @ct := (select count(1) from station);
set @row := 0;
select avg(a.val) as median from
(select * from table order by val) a
where (select @row := @row + 1)
between @ct/2.0 and @ct/2.0 +1;
其他回答
在阅读了所有之前的内容后，它们与我的实际需求不匹配，所以我实现了自己的一个不需要任何过程或复杂的语句，只是我GROUP_CONCAT所有来自我想要获得MEDIAN的列的值，并应用COUNT DIV BY 2，我从列表中间提取值，就像下面的查询一样:
(POS是我想要获得其中位数的列的名称)
(query) SELECT
SUBSTRING_INDEX (
SUBSTRING_INDEX (
GROUP_CONCAT(pos ORDER BY CAST(pos AS SIGNED INTEGER) desc SEPARATOR ';')
, ';', COUNT(*)/2 )
, ';', -1 ) AS `pos_med`
FROM table_name
GROUP BY any_criterial
我希望这能对一些人有用，就像这个网站上的许多其他评论对我一样。
MariaDB / MySQL:
SELECT AVG(dd.val) as median_val
FROM (
SELECT d.val, @rownum:=@rownum+1 as `row_number`, @total_rows:=@rownum
FROM data d, (SELECT @rownum:=0) r
WHERE d.val is NOT NULL
-- put some where clause here
ORDER BY d.val
) as dd
WHERE dd.row_number IN ( FLOOR((@total_rows+1)/2), FLOOR((@total_rows+2)/2) );
Steve Cohen指出，在第一次传递之后，@rownum将包含总行数。这可用于确定中值，因此不需要第二次传递或连接。
此外，AVG(dd.val)和dd.row_number IN(…)用于在有偶数条记录时正确地产生中位数。推理:
SELECT FLOOR((3+1)/2),FLOOR((3+2)/2); -- when total_rows is 3, avg rows 2 and 2
SELECT FLOOR((4+1)/2),FLOOR((4+2)/2); -- when total_rows is 4, avg rows 2 and 3
最后，MariaDB 10.3.3+包含一个MEDIAN函数
按维度分组的中位数:
SELECT your_dimension, avg(t1.val) as median_val FROM (
SELECT @rownum:=@rownum+1 AS `row_number`,
IF(@dim <> d.your_dimension, @rownum := 0, NULL),
@dim := d.your_dimension AS your_dimension,
d.val
FROM data d, (SELECT @rownum:=0) r, (SELECT @dim := 'something_unreal') d
WHERE 1
-- put some where clause here
ORDER BY d.your_dimension, d.val
) as t1
INNER JOIN
(
SELECT d.your_dimension,
count(*) as total_rows
FROM data d
WHERE 1
-- put same where clause here
GROUP BY d.your_dimension
) as t2 USING(your_dimension)
WHERE 1
AND t1.row_number in ( floor((total_rows+1)/2), floor((total_rows+2)/2) )
GROUP BY your_dimension;
归档完美中位数的单个查询:
SELECT
COUNT(*) as total_rows,
IF(count(*)%2 = 1, CAST(SUBSTRING_INDEX(SUBSTRING_INDEX( GROUP_CONCAT(val ORDER BY val SEPARATOR ','), ',', 50/100 * COUNT(*)), ',', -1) AS DECIMAL), ROUND((CAST(SUBSTRING_INDEX(SUBSTRING_INDEX( GROUP_CONCAT(val ORDER BY val SEPARATOR ','), ',', 50/100 * COUNT(*) + 1), ',', -1) AS DECIMAL) + CAST(SUBSTRING_INDEX(SUBSTRING_INDEX( GROUP_CONCAT(val ORDER BY val SEPARATOR ','), ',', 50/100 * COUNT(*)), ',', -1) AS DECIMAL)) / 2)) as median,
AVG(val) as average
FROM
data
通常，我们不仅需要为整个表计算Median，还需要为与ID相关的聚合计算Median。换句话说，计算表中每个ID的中位数，其中每个ID有许多记录。(良好的性能和工作在许多SQL +修复偶数和赔率的问题，更多关于不同的中值方法的性能https://sqlperformance.com/2012/08/t-sql-queries/median)
SELECT our_id, AVG(1.0 * our_val) as Median
FROM
( SELECT our_id, our_val,
COUNT(*) OVER (PARTITION BY our_id) AS cnt,
ROW_NUMBER() OVER (PARTITION BY our_id ORDER BY our_val) AS rn
FROM our_table
) AS x
WHERE rn IN ((cnt + 1)/2, (cnt + 2)/2) GROUP BY our_id;
希望能有所帮助
