用MySQL计算中位数最简单(希望不会太慢)的方法是什么?我已经使用AVG(x)来寻找平均值,但我很难找到一个简单的方法来计算中位数。现在,我将所有的行返回到PHP,进行排序,然后选择中间的行,但是肯定有一些简单的方法可以在一个MySQL查询中完成它。

示例数据:

id | val
--------
 1    4
 2    7
 3    2
 4    2
 5    9
 6    8
 7    3

对val排序得到2 2 3 4 7 8 9,因此中位数应该是4,而SELECT AVG(val) == 5。


当前回答

set @r = 0;

select  
    case when mod(c,2)=0 then round(sum(lat_N),4)
    else round(sum(lat_N)/2,4) 
    end as Med  
from 
    (select lat_N, @r := @r+1, @r as id from station order by lat_N) A
    cross join
    (select (count(1)+1)/2 as c from station) B
where id >= floor(c) and id <=ceil(c)

其他回答

来自: http://mdb-blog.blogspot.com/2015/06/mysql-find-median-nth-element-without.html

我建议另一种方法,不用连接, 但是处理字符串

我没有用大数据表来检验, 但是中小型的桌子就可以了。

这里的好处是,它也可以通过GROUPING工作,所以它可以返回几个项目的中值。

下面是测试表的测试代码:

DROP TABLE test.test_median
CREATE TABLE test.test_median AS
SELECT 'book' AS grp, 4 AS val UNION ALL
SELECT 'book', 7 UNION ALL
SELECT 'book', 2 UNION ALL
SELECT 'book', 2 UNION ALL
SELECT 'book', 9 UNION ALL
SELECT 'book', 8 UNION ALL
SELECT 'book', 3 UNION ALL

SELECT 'note', 11 UNION ALL

SELECT 'bike', 22 UNION ALL
SELECT 'bike', 26 

求每组中位数的代码:

SELECT grp,
         SUBSTRING_INDEX( SUBSTRING_INDEX( GROUP_CONCAT(val ORDER BY val), ',', COUNT(*)/2 ), ',', -1) as the_median,
         GROUP_CONCAT(val ORDER BY val) as all_vals_for_debug
FROM test.test_median
GROUP BY grp

输出:

grp | the_median| all_vals_for_debug
bike| 22        | 22,26
book| 4         | 2,2,3,4,7,8,9
note| 11        | 11

我没有将这个解决方案的性能与这里发布的其他答案进行比较,但我发现这个解决方案是最容易理解的,并且涵盖了计算中位数的全部数学公式。换句话说,这个解决方案对于偶数和奇数数据集足够健壮:

SELECT CASE 
-- odd-numbered data sets:
WHEN MOD(COUNT(*), 2) = 1 THEN (SELECT median.<value> AS median
FROM
(SELECT t1.<value>
  FROM (SELECT <value>, 
               ROW_NUMBER() OVER(ORDER BY <value>) AS rownum
          FROM <data>) t1,
       (SELECT COUNT(*) AS num_records FROM <data>) t2
 WHERE t1.rownum =(t2.num_records) / 2) as median)
-- even-numbered data sets:
ELSE (select (low_bound.<value> + up_bound.<value>) / 2 AS median
FROM
(SELECT t1.<value>
  FROM (SELECT <value>, 
               ROW_NUMBER() OVER(ORDER BY <value>) AS rownum
          FROM <data>) t1,
       (SELECT COUNT(*) AS num_records FROM <data>) t2
 WHERE t1.rownum =(t2.num_records - 1) / 2) as low_bound,
 (SELECT t1.<value>
  FROM (SELECT <value>, 
               ROW_NUMBER() OVER(ORDER BY <value>) AS rownum
          FROM station) t1,
       (SELECT COUNT(*) AS num_records FROM data) t2
 WHERE t1.rownum =(t2.num_records + 1) / 2) as up_bound)
END
FROM <data>

根据魔术贴的答案,对于那些必须根据另一个参数分组的东西做中位数的人来说

SELECT grp_field, t1。val FROM ( SELECT grp_field, @rownum:=IF(@s = grp_field, @rownum + 1,0) AS row_number, @s:=IF(@s = grp_field, @s, grp_field) AS sec, d.val FROM data d, (SELECT @rownum:=0, @s:=0 ORDER BY grp_field, d.val )作为t1 JOIN ( SELECT grp_field, count(*)为total_rows 数据d GROUP BY grp_field )为t2 在t1。Grp_field = t2.grp_field 在t1.row_number =地板(total_rows / 2) + 1;

我使用了两个查询方法:

第一个得到count, min, Max和avg 第二个语句(预处理语句)使用“LIMIT @count/ 2,1”和“ORDER BY ..”子句来获得中值

它们被包装在函数defn中,因此可以从一次调用中返回所有值。

如果您的范围是静态的,并且数据不经常更改,那么预先计算/存储这些值并使用存储的值,而不是每次都从头查询,可能会更有效。

不幸的是,无论是TheJacobTaylor还是velcrow的答案都不会返回当前版本MySQL的准确结果。

从上面来看,魔术贴的答案是接近的,但它不能正确计算具有偶数行数的结果集。中位数定义为1)奇数集上的中间数,或2)偶数集上两个中间数的平均值。

所以,这里是魔术贴的解决方案修补处理奇数和偶数集:

SELECT AVG(middle_values) AS 'median' FROM (
  SELECT t1.median_column AS 'middle_values' FROM
    (
      SELECT @row:=@row+1 as `row`, x.median_column
      FROM median_table AS x, (SELECT @row:=0) AS r
      WHERE 1
      -- put some where clause here
      ORDER BY x.median_column
    ) AS t1,
    (
      SELECT COUNT(*) as 'count'
      FROM median_table x
      WHERE 1
      -- put same where clause here
    ) AS t2
    -- the following condition will return 1 record for odd number sets, or 2 records for even number sets.
    WHERE t1.row >= t2.count/2 and t1.row <= ((t2.count/2) +1)) AS t3;

要使用它,请遵循以下3个简单步骤:

将上面代码中的“median_table”(出现2次)替换为您的表名 将“median_column”(3次)替换为您希望为其查找中位数的列名 如果你有一个WHERE条件,用WHERE条件替换“WHERE 1”(2次)