我大约在6年前为一个应用程序编写了这个扩展类，并且从那时起一直在许多解决方案中使用它，没有任何问题。希望能有所帮助。

编辑:我注意到有些人可能不知道如何使用扩展类。

要使用此扩展类，只需在类中添加以下行引用其名称空间 使用joinext;

^这应该允许你在任何你碰巧使用的IEnumerable对象集合上看到扩展函数的智能感知。

希望这能有所帮助。如果仍然不清楚，请告诉我，我希望写一个关于如何使用它的示例。

下面是这个类:

namespace joinext
{    
public static class JoinExtensions
    {
        public static IEnumerable<TResult> FullOuterJoin<TOuter, TInner, TKey, TResult>(
            this IEnumerable<TOuter> outer,
            IEnumerable<TInner> inner,
            Func<TOuter, TKey> outerKeySelector,
            Func<TInner, TKey> innerKeySelector,
            Func<TOuter, TInner, TResult> resultSelector)
            where TInner : class
            where TOuter : class
        {
            var innerLookup = inner.ToLookup(innerKeySelector);
            var outerLookup = outer.ToLookup(outerKeySelector);

            var innerJoinItems = inner
                .Where(innerItem => !outerLookup.Contains(innerKeySelector(innerItem)))
                .Select(innerItem => resultSelector(null, innerItem));

            return outer
                .SelectMany(outerItem =>
                {
                    var innerItems = innerLookup[outerKeySelector(outerItem)];

                    return innerItems.Any() ? innerItems : new TInner[] { null };
                }, resultSelector)
                .Concat(innerJoinItems);
        }


        public static IEnumerable<TResult> LeftJoin<TOuter, TInner, TKey, TResult>(
            this IEnumerable<TOuter> outer,
            IEnumerable<TInner> inner,
            Func<TOuter, TKey> outerKeySelector,
            Func<TInner, TKey> innerKeySelector,
            Func<TOuter, TInner, TResult> resultSelector)
        {
            return outer.GroupJoin(
                inner,
                outerKeySelector,
                innerKeySelector,
                (o, i) =>
                    new { o = o, i = i.DefaultIfEmpty() })
                    .SelectMany(m => m.i.Select(inn =>
                        resultSelector(m.o, inn)
                        ));

        }



        public static IEnumerable<TResult> RightJoin<TOuter, TInner, TKey, TResult>(
            this IEnumerable<TOuter> outer,
            IEnumerable<TInner> inner,
            Func<TOuter, TKey> outerKeySelector,
            Func<TInner, TKey> innerKeySelector,
            Func<TOuter, TInner, TResult> resultSelector)
        {
            return inner.GroupJoin(
                outer,
                innerKeySelector,
                outerKeySelector,
                (i, o) =>
                    new { i = i, o = o.DefaultIfEmpty() })
                    .SelectMany(m => m.o.Select(outt =>
                        resultSelector(outt, m.i)
                        ));

        }

    }
}

我真的很讨厌这些linq表达式，这就是SQL存在的原因:

select isnull(fn.id, ln.id) as id, fn.firstname, ln.lastname
   from firstnames fn
   full join lastnames ln on ln.id=fn.id

在数据库中创建此sql视图并将其作为实体导入。

当然，(不同的)左连接和右连接的并集也可以做到这一点，但这是愚蠢的。

正如您所发现的，Linq没有“外部连接”结构。您所能得到的最接近的是使用您所声明的查询的左外连接。为此，你可以添加任何没有在join中表示的姓氏列表元素:

outerJoin = outerJoin.Concat(lastNames.Select(l=>new
                            {
                                id = l.ID,
                                firstname = String.Empty,
                                surname = l.Name
                            }).Where(l=>!outerJoin.Any(o=>o.id == l.id)));

两个或多个表的完全外部连接: 首先提取要连接的列。

var DatesA = from A in db.T1 select A.Date; 
var DatesB = from B in db.T2 select B.Date; 
var DatesC = from C in db.T3 select C.Date;            

var Dates = DatesA.Union(DatesB).Union(DatesC); 

然后在提取的列和主表之间使用左外连接。

var Full_Outer_Join =

(from A in Dates
join B in db.T1
on A equals B.Date into AB 

from ab in AB.DefaultIfEmpty()
join C in db.T2
on A equals C.Date into ABC 

from abc in ABC.DefaultIfEmpty()
join D in db.T3
on A equals D.Date into ABCD

from abcd in ABCD.DefaultIfEmpty() 
select new { A, ab, abc, abcd })
.AsEnumerable();

我认为LINQ join子句并不是这个问题的正确解决方案，因为join子句的目的并不是按照这个任务解决方案所需的方式来积累数据。合并创建的独立集合的代码变得太复杂了，也许这对于学习目的来说是可以的，但对于真正的应用程序来说不是。解决这个问题的方法之一是下面的代码:

class Program
{
    static void Main(string[] args)
    {
        List<FirstName> firstNames = new List<FirstName>();
        firstNames.Add(new FirstName { ID = 1, Name = "John" });
        firstNames.Add(new FirstName { ID = 2, Name = "Sue" });

        List<LastName> lastNames = new List<LastName>();
        lastNames.Add(new LastName { ID = 1, Name = "Doe" });
        lastNames.Add(new LastName { ID = 3, Name = "Smith" });

        HashSet<int> ids = new HashSet<int>();
        foreach (var name in firstNames)
        {
            ids.Add(name.ID);
        }
        foreach (var name in lastNames)
        {
            ids.Add(name.ID);
        }
        List<FullName> fullNames = new List<FullName>();
        foreach (int id in ids)
        {
            FullName fullName = new FullName();
            fullName.ID = id;
            FirstName firstName = firstNames.Find(f => f.ID == id);
            fullName.FirstName = firstName != null ? firstName.Name : string.Empty;
            LastName lastName = lastNames.Find(l => l.ID == id);
            fullName.LastName = lastName != null ? lastName.Name : string.Empty;
            fullNames.Add(fullName);
        }
    }
}
public class FirstName
{
    public int ID;

    public string Name;
}

public class LastName
{
    public int ID;

    public string Name;
}
class FullName
{
    public int ID;

    public string FirstName;

    public string LastName;
}

如果真正的集合对于HashSet的形成很大，而不是foreach循环可以使用下面的代码:

List<int> firstIds = firstNames.Select(f => f.ID).ToList();
List<int> LastIds = lastNames.Select(l => l.ID).ToList();
HashSet<int> ids = new HashSet<int>(firstIds.Union(LastIds));//Only unique IDs will be included in HashSet

我不知道这是否适用于所有情况，但从逻辑上讲，这似乎是正确的。其思想是取一个左外连接和一个右外连接，然后取结果的并集。

var firstNames = new[]
{
    new { ID = 1, Name = "John" },
    new { ID = 2, Name = "Sue" },
};
var lastNames = new[]
{
    new { ID = 1, Name = "Doe" },
    new { ID = 3, Name = "Smith" },
};
var leftOuterJoin =
    from first in firstNames
    join last in lastNames on first.ID equals last.ID into temp
    from last in temp.DefaultIfEmpty()
    select new
    {
        first.ID,
        FirstName = first.Name,
        LastName = last?.Name,
    };
var rightOuterJoin =
    from last in lastNames
    join first in firstNames on last.ID equals first.ID into temp
    from first in temp.DefaultIfEmpty()
    select new
    {
        last.ID,
        FirstName = first?.Name,
        LastName = last.Name,
    };
var fullOuterJoin = leftOuterJoin.Union(rightOuterJoin);

这就像写的一样，因为它是在LINQ to Objects中。如果LINQ to SQL或其他，查询处理器可能不支持安全导航或其他操作。你必须使用条件操作符有条件地获取值。

也就是说,

var leftOuterJoin =
    from first in firstNames
    join last in lastNames on first.ID equals last.ID into temp
    from last in temp.DefaultIfEmpty()
    select new
    {
        first.ID,
        FirstName = first.Name,
        LastName = last != null ? last.Name : default,
    };